Recent developments in vaccines and immunization practices.

D T Casto

Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 1480505

Recent developments in vaccines and immunization practices.

D T Casto

View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Dramatic changes have been made in the recommended schedule for immunizations, and for a variety of reasons: greater understanding of risks associated with whole-cell pertussis vaccine; introduction of more immunogenic vaccines to prevent invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B; a national epidemic of measles that affected many vaccinated individuals; and the failure of targeted use of vaccine in high-risk patients to reduce the occurrence of hepatitis B. Additional changes in recommended regimens can be anticipated as new products are introduced. However, for vaccines to have their greatest impact, improved adherence to recommended immunization practices is necessary.

Explore related subjects

Bacterial Capsules Bacterial Vaccines Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine Haemophilus Vaccines Haemophilus influenzae Hepatitis B Vaccines Humans Immunization Immunization Schedule Measles Vaccine Pertussis Vaccine Polysaccharides, Bacterial Risk Factors Vaccines Journal Article Review

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeX RIS

D T Casto. 1992. Recent developments in vaccines and immunization practices.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1480505/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed1995

Antibody responses to polysaccharide and polysaccharide-conjugate vaccines after treatment of Hodgkin disease.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the immunogenicity of polysaccharide-conjugate vaccines with that of polysaccharide vaccines in patients previously treated for Hodgkin disease. DESIGN: All patients were immunized with Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB)-conjugate and 4-valent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines. Subgroups of patients were randomly assigned to receive either 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine or a 7-valent pneumococcal-conjugate vaccine that links seven pneumococcal serotypes to the outer membrane protein complex of Neisseria meningitidis. PATIENTS: 144 patients who had completed treatment for Hodgkin disease, which had been diagnosed at least 2 years before the study. MEASUREMENTS: Antigen-specific antibody concentrations before and 3 to 6 weeks after immunization; number of persons who achieved anti-HIB antibody concentrations considered to be in the protective range. RESULTS: The geometric mean anti-HIB antibody concentration increased from 1.79 micrograms/mL before immunization to 54.1 micrograms/mL after; the percentage of persons with antibody concentrations in the protective range increased from 62% before immunization to 99% after. Patients immunized with 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine had a geometric mean pneumococcal antibody concentration after immunization (9.15 micrograms/mL) that was similar to that of healthy controls (10.0 micrograms/mL) for the seven serotypes measured. In contrast, patients who received 7-valent pneumococcal-conjugate vaccine had a significantly lower mean response compared with patients who received 23-valent; their geometric mean antibody concentration after immunization was 4.95 micrograms/mL (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: A single dose of HIB-conjugate vaccine was immunogenic in patients who had completed treatment for Hodgkin disease diagnosed at least 2 years before immunization. In addition, responses to the 23-valent pneumococcal and 4-valent meningococcal vaccines were equivalent to those seen in healthy controls. Finally, patients had a significantly lower response to a single dose of 7-valent pneumococcal-conjugate vaccine than to 23-valent vaccine.

Bacterial Capsules↗

PubMed1995

Structure of the capsular polysaccharide from Alteromonas sp. CMM 155.

Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was obtained by water-saline extraction of the Alteromonas sp. CMM 155. On the basis of solvolysis with anhydrous HF and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral data, including NOE experiments, it was concluded that the capsular polysaccharide had the following structure containing novel N-acyl-amino sugar and bacillosamine residues: --> 3)-alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1 --> 4)-alpha-L-GalApNAc(1 --> 3)- alpha-D-QuipNAc4NAc-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-Quip4NAlaAc-(1 -->

Bacterial Capsules↗

PubMed1995

Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella type 7.

The structure of the capsular polysaccharide elaborated by Klebsiella type 7 has been investigated. NMR spectroscopy together with sugar and methylation analysis have been the main methods used. A uronic acid degradation was also employed. The polysaccharide consists of hexasaccharide repeating units having the following structure. [formula: see text]

Bacterial Capsules↗