PubMed · 14809414
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C CENI. [Emotion].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14809414/
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The basis of suicidal behavior (SB) is complex and multifactorial. Numerous risk factors have been identified. Epidemiological genetics studies (family studies, twin studies, adoption studies) suggest that there is a genetic basis to SB and that this genetic basis is specific and independent from the genetic factors implicated in predisposition to psychiatric disorders associated with SB (bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, alcoholism). Recently, new molecular genetics tools have been designed to identify the genetic factors that predispose certain individuals to disorders of complex etiology. Biological psychiatry studies have suggested that the physiopathology of SB involves dysfunctioning of the serotonin system. The first genetic association studies tested candidate genes encoding proteins involved in serotonin metabolism. The results of these studies suggest that the gene coding for the limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), and the gene encoding the serotonin transporter are involved in predisposition to SB. Furthermore, it is likely that these genes interact with each other and with environmental factors (early) and that they have different phenotypic consequences. One of the main aims of studies currently underway is to identify the precise phenotypes associated with genes that predispose to SB or intermediate phenotypes (impulsivity, inability to control anger, etc.).
QUESTION: Do female inpatients with fibromyalgia (FM) differ from healthy women in their nonverbal affective behavior? METHODS: The data culled from 15 interviews with female FM inpatients and 15 interviews with healthy women were analyzed and the analyses of facial expression were subsequently correlated with gaze behavior. RESULTS: FM patients exhibited neither a reduction of total activity of facial expression nor of absolute frequency of primary affects in comparison to healthy subjects who did (also in eye contact) however exhibit a significantly higher proportion of "genuine joy" and lower proportion of "contempt." CONCLUSION: The absence of reduced total activity of facial expression is in contrast to the elaborate descriptions of symptoms provided by the patients, but detailed analyses show that elements which stabilize relationships are lacking and that dissociative elements are implanted in the interactions.
Phenomenology has proved to be a popular methodology for nursing research. I argue, however, that phenomenological nursing research could be strengthened by greater attention to its philosophical underpinnings. Many research reports devote more page space to procedure than to the philosophy that purportedly guided it. The philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty is an excellent fit for nursing, although his work has received less attention than that of Husserl and Heidegger. In this paper, I examine the life and thought of Merleau-Ponty, with emphasis on concepts, such as perception, intentionality and embodiment, which have particular relevance to the discipline of nursing.