PubMed · 14810831
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T J HARDGROVE. Problems on the chronically ill.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14810831/
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Lupoid leishmaniasis is a unique form of cutaneous leishmaniasis characterized by unusual clinical features and a chronic relapsing course. Clinically and histologically it is similar to lupus vulgaris, which is thus the most important differential diagnostic consideration. All patients with granulomatous facial lesions coming from endemic areas or with a positive travel history should be suspected of having leishmaniasis. We describe a 59-year-old woman with facial lupoid leishmaniasis.
BACKGROUND: The gene expression profile of pancreatic cancer is significantly different from that of normal pancreas. Differences in gene expression are detectable using microarrays, but microarrays have traditionally been applied to pancreatic cancer tissue obtained from surgical resection. We hypothesized that gene expression alterations indicative of pancreatic cancer can be detected by profiling the RNA of pancreatic juice. METHODS: We performed oligonucleotide microarray analysis on RNA isolated from pancreatic juice obtained endoscopically after secretin stimulation from six patients with pancreatic cancer and ten patients with nonneoplastic diseases of the pancreas or upper gastrointestinal tract. Extracted RNA was subjected to two rounds of linear RNA amplification, and then hybridized with U133A or X3P gene chips (Affymetrix). RESULTS: Using the U133A or X3P chips, 37 and 133 gene fragments respectively, were identified as being at least 3-fold more abundant in the pancreatic juice of patients with pancreatic cancer compared to the noncancer controls (p<0.05, Mann-Whitney test). For example, pancreatic juice from patients with pancreatic cancer contained increased levels of IL8, IFITM1, fibrinogen, osteopontin, CXCR4, DAF and NNMT RNA, genes that have been previously reported as overexpressed in primary pancreatic cancers or pancreatic cancer cell lines relative to control tissues. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that RNA analysis of pancreatic juice can reveal some of the same RNA alterations found in invasive pancreatic cancers. RNA analysis of pancreatic juice deserves further investigation to determine its utility as a tool for the evaluation of pancreatic lesions.
AIMS: Pixel tracking-derived myocardial deformation imaging is a new echocardiographic modality which allows quantitative analysis of segmental myocardial function on the basis of tracking of natural acoustic markers in 2D echocardiography. This study evaluated whether myocardial deformation parameters calculated from 2D echocardiography allow assessment of transmurality of myocardial infarction as defined by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (ceMRI). Methods In 47 patients with ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction, transmurality of myocardial infarction was assessed using pixel-tracking-derived myocardial deformation imaging and ceMRI. For each left ventricular segment in a 16-segment model, peak systolic radial strain, circumferential strain, radial strain rate, and circumferential strain rate were calculated from parasternal 2D echocardiographic views using an automatic frame-by-frame tracking system of natural acoustic echocardiographic markers (EchoPAC, GE Ultrasound). Myocardial deformation parameters were related to the segmental extent of hyperenhancement by ceMRI. The relative amount of contrast-enhanced myocardial tissue per segment was used to define no infarction (0% hyperenhancement), non-transmural infarction (1-50% hyperenhancement), or transmural infarction (51-100% hyperenhancement). Results Analysis of myocardial deformation parameters was possible in 659 segments (88%). Systolic strain and strain rate parameters decreased with increasing relative hyperenhancement defined by ceMRI. Radial strain was 27.7+/-8.0, 20.5+/-9.7, and 11.6+/-8.5% for segments with no infarction (n=422), non-transmural infarction (n=106), and transmural infarction (n=131), respectively (P<0.0001). Radial strain allowed distinction of non-transmural infarction from transmural infarction with a sensitivity of 70.0% and a specificity of 71.2% (cut-off value for radial strain 16.5%). CONCLUSION: Frame-to-frame tracking of acoustic markers in 2D echocardiographic images for the analysis of myocardial deformation allows discrimination between different transmurality states of myocardial infarction.