PubMed · 14812428
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DIFFICULTY in swallowing.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14812428/
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We report a case of perforation, fistula formation, and small bowel obstruction in a 2-year-old child who had ingested 32 small magnets. Multiple magnets will attract one another through the bowel wall and lead to pressure necrosis with complications. We recommend early surgical intervention before the onset of gastrointestinal complications if ingested multiple magnets have not moved on the follow-up radiograph. Both clinicians and the lay population need to be aware that multiple magnets can be hazardous foreign bodies for children.
BACKGROUND: Past research has suggested that medical diagnosis and trach cuff conditions may contribute to swallow physiology changes in patients with tracheostomy. This study attempts to investigate the differences in swallow physiology between patients with trach cuff-inflated and trach cuff-deflated conditions with respect to four medical diagnostic categories: neuromuscular disorder, head and neck cancer, respiratory diseases, and general medical diagnosis. METHODS: Retrospective database analysis of videofluoroscopic study results in 623 patients with tracheostomies with trach cuff-inflated or cuff-deflated conditions. Swallow disorders were examined for each patient. RESULTS: The frequencies of reduced laryngeal elevation and silent aspiration were found to be significantly higher in the cuff-inflated condition than the cuff-deflated condition. Significant swallow physiology changes were also found to be significantly different among various medical diagnostic categories. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to evaluate changes in swallow physiology under both the trach cuff-inflated and cuff-deflated conditions to fully assess swallow function.
The development of feeding and swallowing is the result of a complex interface between the developing nervous system, various physiological systems, and the environment. The purpose of this article is to review the neurobiology, development, and assessment of feeding and swallowing during early infancy. In recent years, there have been exciting advances in our understanding of the physiology and neurological control of feeding and swallowing. These advances may prove useful in furthering our understanding of the pathophysiology of dysphagia in infancy. Progress in developing standardized, reliable, and valid measures of oral sensorimotor and swallowing function in infancy has been slow. However, there have been significant advances in the instrumental analysis of feeding and swallowing disorders in infancy, including manometric analyses of sucking and swallowing, measures of respiration during feeding, videofluoroscopic swallow evaluations, ultrasonography, and flexible endoscopic examination of swallowing. Further efforts are needed to develop clinical evaluative measures of dysphagia in infancy.