PubMed · 14845985
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H TRONNIER, H H WAGENER. 1951. [Micro-absorptiometry].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14845985/
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If soy isoflavones are to be effective in preventing or treating a range of diseases, they must be bioavailable, and thus understanding factors which may alter their bioavailability needs to be elucidated. However, to date there is little information on whether the pharmacokinetic profile following ingestion of a defined dose is influenced by the food matrix in which the isoflavone is given or by the processing method used. Three different foods (cookies, chocolate bars and juice) were prepared, and their isoflavone contents were determined. We compared the urinary and serum concentrations of daidzein, genistein and equol following the consumption of three different foods, each of which contained 50 mg of isoflavones. After the technological processing of the different test foods, differences in aglycone levels were observed. The plasma levels of the isoflavone precursor daidzein were not altered by food matrix. Urinary daidzein recovery was similar for all three foods ingested with total urinary output of 33-34% of ingested dose. Peak genistein concentrations were attained in serum earlier following consumption of a liquid matrix rather than a solid matrix, although there was a lower total urinary recovery of genistein following ingestion of juice than that of the two other foods.
Hydrogen-bonded networks composed of guanidinium (G) and 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate (NDS) have been developed for the selective inclusion and separation of fatty acid esters based on their degree of unsaturation. Porous crystalline networks have been synthesized and include fatty acid esters during crystallization from both methanol and 2-methoxyethanol. Crystalline networks formed in methanol are selective for the inclusion of saturates in preference to polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters, but their applicability is limited by the competing inclusion of the solvent methanol. In 2-methoxyethanol, a three-component host structure is formed that provides 4.1 x 4.7 A2 pores which are also selective for saturated fatty acid ester inclusion. These networks do not suffer from the competing inclusion of the solvent 2-methoxyethanol as is the case with methanol, and thus complete removal of initial saturated fatty acid 2-methoxyethyl esters is possible. Binary selectivity experiments on mixtures of the 2-methoxyethyl esters of saturated stearic acid and the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid reveal that this three-component network structure provides nearly complete resolution of these two guests in the crystal and filtrate fractions. Separation of the 2-methoxyethyl esters of alpha-linolenic acid from the monounsaturated oleic acid is also possible, although with decreased efficiency in comparison to removal of the saturated fatty acid ester.
The lifetimes of benzophenone in the higher triplet excited state (BP(T(n))) and several BP derivatives in the T(n) states were measured directly to be tau(T(n))=37+/-7 ps and 20-33 ps, respectively, by using the nanosecond-picosecond (ns-ps) two-color/two-laser flash photolysis method. Based on the direct measurements of tau(T(n)) of BP(T(n)), the triplet energy transfer (TET) from BP(T(n)) to quenchers (Q), such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), benzene (Bz), and p-dichlorbenzene (DCB), was investigated. The fast TET from BP(T(n)) to Q can be attributed to the lifetime-dependent quenching process, according to the Ware theoretical model of the bimolecular energy transfer reaction. The contribution of the lifetime-dependent term on k(TET) was 27, 60, and 86% for CCl4, Bz, and DCB as the Q of BP(T(n)), respectively, indicating that the TET from BP(T(n)) to Q is influenced not only by tau(T(n)), but also by the size of Q.