PubMed · 14893065
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J J NOLAN, O J POLLAK. 1951. The ectocervix during gestation.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14893065/
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Optical histopathology is fast emerging as a potential tool in cancer diagnosis. Fresh tissues in saline are ideal samples for optical histopathology. However, evaluation of suitability of ex vivo handled tissues is necessitated because of severe constraints in sample procurement, handling, and other associated problems with fresh tissues. Among these methods, formalin-fixed samples are shown to be suitable for optical histopathology. However, it is necessary to further evaluate this method from the point of view discriminating tissues with minute biochemical variations. A pilot Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopic studies of formalin-fixed tissues normal, malignant, and after-2-fractions of radiotherapy from the same malignant cervix subjects were carried out, with an aim to explore the feasibility of discriminating these tissues, especially the tissues after-2-fractions of radiotherapy from other two groups. Raman and FTIR spectra exhibit large differences for normal and malignant tissues and subtle differences are seen between malignant and after-2-fractions of radiotherapy tissues. Spectral data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and it provided good discrimination of normal and malignant tissues. PCA of data of three tissues, normal, malignant, and 2-fractions after radiotherapy, gave two clusters corresponding to normal and malignant + after-2-fractions of radiotherapy tissues. A second step of PCA was required to achieve discrimination between malignant and after-2-fractions of radiotherapy tissues. Hence, this study not only further supports the use of formalin-fixed tissues in optical histopathology, especially from Raman spectroscopy point of view, it also indicates feasibility of discriminating tissues with minute biochemical differences such as malignant and after-2-fractions of radiotherapy.
Six hundred one endocervical specimens were analyzed for Chlamydia trachomatis by the APTIMA Combo 2 assay and evaluated for columnar epithelial cell adequacy by direct fluorescent-antibody staining. With 5.5% positive adequate and 7.8% positive inadequate specimens (P=0.27), the study suggested no difference in positivity rates due to specimen adequacy when this amplified technology was used.
OBJECTIVE: To review the most recent and relevant issues concerning paracervical block in obstetrics since 1975 when Jägerhorn described the superficial technique that has become a standard. DATA SOURCES: Extraction from Pubmed database of articles issued from 1975 to 2005. DATA SELECTION: The collected articles were selected on the basis of the use of the superficial injection method. The more recent data were selected. The keywords were: paracervical, labour, childbirth, and neonate. DATA SYNTHESIS: Paracervical block (PCB) is routinely used over the world despite the risk of foetal bradycardia. Bradycardia occurring immediately after the performance of block is short lasting. The reports of few cases of foetal or neonatal deaths have caused many physicians to question its safety. The incidence of bradycardia has dramatically decreased (less than 10%) due to the Jägerhorn superficial injection method. In case of healthy neonate the occurrence of bradycardia is harmless but its mechanism is still imprecise. The intensity an duration of analgesia is poor in comparison with epidural anaesthesia. PCB is a viable alternative to epidural in selected cases.