PubMed · 14920236
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E RAMIREZ, V MARTINELLI. 1951-11-05. [Direct eosinophil count].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14920236/
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OBJECTIVES: A subset of patients with allergic eosinophilic gastroenteritis (AEG) has anemia and hypoalbuminemia caused by protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). Our goals were to describe the response to therapy and the long-term outcome of patients in this subgroup and to evaluate their gastric and intestinal biopsies for distinguishing features that might explain their protein and blood loss. METHODS: Patients with AEG + PLE were identified retrospectively and compared with controls and with patients with AEG only. Immunohistochemical staining for tryptase, a mast cell mediator, was performed on gastric and duodenal tissues. Eosinophils identified by hematoxylin/eosin stain and mast cells identified as tryptase-positive cells were counted in one high-power field area with maximal cell infiltration. RESULTS: Although all patients had excellent response to therapy with amino acid-based formula and tolerated gradual introduction of some foods with time, food-responsive disease persisted in all patients over 2.5 to 5.5 years of follow-up. Routine histological evaluation did not show any features differentiating AEG + PLE from AEG. When eosinophils and mast cells were counted in intestinal biopsies, however, significantly more mast cells were found in biopsies of the AEG + PLE group despite comparable numbers of eosinophils. In contrast, in gastric biopsies, eosinophils were more prominent in AEG + PLE, but mast cell numbers were similar in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AEG + PLE responded well to therapy with amino acid-based formula. Food hypersensitivities did not completely resolve over up to 5.5 years. Intestinal mast cells were significantly increased in maximally infiltrated areas of the intestine, possibly causing increased intestinal permeability and protein loss.
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Eosinophils are selectively primed and activated by the cytokine IL-5. The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of IL-5 treatment on stimulation-dependent protein phosphorylations, in human peripheral blood eosinophils. After IL-5 treatment, basal phosphorylation patterns showed increases in the phosphorylation of 67, 80 and 93 kDa proteins. Cell stimulations resulted in the following protein phosphorylation increases: 50, 60, 67, 80 and 93 kDa (PMA); 50, 67, 80 and 93 kDa (STZ); and 67, 80 and 93 kDa (IL-5). The phosphorylation of the 50 and 60 kDa proteins was shown to be MEK-independent and dependent on some PKC isoform/s, whereas that of the 67, 80 and 93 kDa proteins was both MEK- and PKC-alpha, beta, delta, gamma, tau and zeta-independent. A phosphoprotein of 50 kDa was identified as p47(phox) and another of 67 kDa protein as the tyrosine phosphatase SHPTP-1. Incubation with IL-5 followed by cell stimulation increased the total phosphorylation of p47(phox). Bidimensional (IEF-SDS/PAGE) analysis showed that the combination of IL-5 treatment followed by stimulation with either PMA or STZ induced the formation of an additional, hyperphosphorylated form of p47(phox). The presence of this form would explain the higher NADPH oxidase activity normally observed after IL-5 priming.