PubMed · 14939519
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IU S GILEVICH. 1952. [Tissue therapy by injection method].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14939519/
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There is much interest in developing stem cells and the cells derived from them as therapies for treating human disease and injury, but many biological, technological and regulatory hurdles have to be overcome before these cell therapies can be brought to commercial fruition.
Embryonic stem cell is the promising novel therapeutic tool for various degenerative diseases and tissue injuries. With the concept of cell and tissue therapy, many chronic disorders will be curable. The present article provides basic knowledge of stem cell in areas of definition, classification and future clinical applications. In addition, stem cell application is not only focusing on regenerative purpose, but also concentrating on more understanding about the early human development and the pathophysiology of genetic diseases at the cellular level. However, there are some technical problems and ethical concern that should be resolved before applying stem cells into clinical practice.
Currently, the most important therapeutic approaches in the acute phase of ischemic stroke are focused on the restoration of regional cerebral blood flow, early admission to a stroke unit and the attempt to block, using neuroprotective drugs, the biochemical and metabolic changes involved in the 'ischemic cascade'. Treatment with rt-PA in the acute phase, although very effective, is still limited to a small number of patients and positive preclinical results of neuroprotective treatment have not, as yet, been endorsed in clinical trials. The remarkable lack of concordance between the positive results in experimental models and the negative results obtained in clinical trials has led to a change in attitude in the conduct of preclinical studies as well as to a modification of the design of clinical trials, with special attention being paid to patient selection criteria and clinical evaluation. Some neuroprotective drugs, such as citicoline, have shown some efficacy in subgroups of patients with cerebral infarction, even with a therapeutic window of up to 24 h, which would suggest a possible neurorestorative effect. Different degrees of functional recovery, weeks or months after the ischemic event, are currently observed in clinical practice and have been related to endogenous self-repair mechanisms. The growing understanding of the mechanisms involved in the phenomena of brain plasticity and their modulation, together with the possibility of restoring functional deficits by encouraging endogenous neurogenesis or by cell therapy, open up new directions in the treatment of stroke patients.