PubMed · 14948471
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C HONIG. 1952-04-26. [Analeptics].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14948471/
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The authors review relevant experimental studies on pain perception and processing in psychiatric disorders with traumatic stress as an etiological factor. In borderline personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and fibromyalgia neurophysiological and neuropsychological patterns of pain processing appear to be different. Experimental studies in borderline patients show a desensitization of pain thresholds whereas patients with fibromyalgia show an opposite pattern, which could be explained by a central augmentation of pain processing. Furthermore, the authors outline methods to assess pain perception (peripheral and central) and describe the neurobiological mechanisms of pain processing, particularly the distinction between the sensory-discriminative lateral system and the affective-motivational medial system. Finally, suggestions for further research and implications for therapy are proposed.
STUDY DESIGN: Clinical commentary. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the method of coordination training to enhance motor skills in persons after spinal cord injury (SCI). METHOD: From the literature and clinical experience, we learn that basic motor skills like walking are refined and maintained through the millions of repetitions that take place as part of normal development. These coordinated patterns function effectively as a form of training to the system because of the presence of neural pathways that mediate commands between higher and lower levels of the central nervous system (CNS). When these pathways are disrupted as a result of a lesion, the question that arises is whether retraining can be effective. RESULTS/DISCUSSION: The question is directed at the common practice among rehabilitation professionals to prescribe and carry out tireless repetitions of coordinated motor activities in people with SCI lesions. We discuss this fundamental question from the perspective of understanding differences in maturation and function of higher motor centres and lower motor centres.
The idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IIDDs) consist of a broad spectrum of disorders that vary in their clinical course, regional distribution, and pathology. Though pathology of these demyelinating disorders demonstrates extensive interindividual heterogeneity, there is notable homogeneity within individual patients. The relation between the diverse underlying pathology of IIDDs and the various clinical, paraclinical, and radiological findings is unclear. Finding less-invasive clinical or paraclinical surrogate markers, which accurately and reliably predict the underlying distinct pathologies within the family of IIDDs, can potentially guide future therapies that better target specific pathogenic mechanisms.