PubMed · 14951767
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K TZSCHIRNTSCH. 1952. [Extradural spinal anesthesia].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14951767/
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Shone's anomaly was first described in 1963 as a developmental complex of four potentially obstructive cardiac lesions including a supravalvular fibrous mitral ring, deformity of the mitral and/or subvalvular apparatus, subvalvular aortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta. While paediatric patients with Shone's anomaly have been reported in the literature, only a few adult patients presenting with this anomaly have been described in the perioperative period. However, patients with an undiagnosed, incomplete form of Shone's anomaly might occasionally present for non-cardiac surgery as adults. In this case report we describe the anaesthetic management of an adult patient scheduled for a non-cardiac operation, who suffered from Shone's anomaly that was unrecognised prior to the operation.
Positron emission tomography (PET) measurements in 6-month-old F344/N rats were performed in the conscious state and the influence of chloral hydrate, ketamine, and pentobarbital anesthesia on dopamine D(1) (DA-D(1)) receptor binding was evaluated using [(11)C]SCH23390, a selective DA-D(1) receptor ligand. To perform the PET study in conscious rats, an original fixation apparatus was developed and the animals were trained to acclimate to the scanning atmosphere for 3 h. This training was carried out twice a day for 2 weeks. PET measurements in conscious rats were successful, since the trained rats scarcely moved during the scanning (as monitored by video camera) and since highly reproducible measurements of binding potential (BP) were derived from their scanning. Chloral hydrate and ketamine anesthesia significantly increased the striatal BP of DA-D(1) receptors by 36% and 46%, respectively, compared to that observed in the conscious state. In contrast, pentobarbital markedly decreased the BP by 41%. These BP values of DA-D(1) receptors were calculated using a curve-fitting method. Our results indicate that PET studies in rats should be performed in the conscious state since the anesthetics dramatically modified ligand-receptor bindings, such as DA-D(1) receptor binding, in rat brain.
The results of previous studies have suggested that prolonged anesthesia following unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) results in a retardation of vestibular compensation, the process of behavioral recovery that occurs following the lesion. In this study we investigated the effects of short-term (25 min) and long-term (4 h) anesthesia with isoflurane on the time course of vestibular compensation following UL in guinea pig. Although there were significant differences in the frequency of spontaneous nystagmus (SN) (p < 0.05) and its rate of compensation (p < 0.05) between the 25 min and 4h isoflurane groups, these differences appeared to be due largely to the 5, 9 and 13 h time points. There was also a significant difference in the rate of yaw head tilt (YHT) compensation, largely due to the 5 h time point. When exponential regression analysis was performed to evaluate the overall pattern of compensation, there was no significant difference in the time required to reach 100% SN or YHT compensation between the 25 min and 4 h isoflurane groups. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in roll head tilt (RHT) compensation between the two groups. These results suggest that the time course of vestibular compensation is largely independent of the duration of the anesthesia used for UL surgery.