PubMed · 15033147
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Alain Muzet. 2004. Does the physical environment interact with the sleep process?. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2003.12.001
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OBJECTIVE: To improve the measurement of core body temperature in the resuscitation room. METHOD: This work was undertaken in the Emergency Department (ED) of a large District General Hospital. The clinical notes for all admissions to the resuscitation suite during a 2 month period were reviewed to establish the frequency of temperature measurement. Following a simple educational program, performance was re-audited using the same methodology. RESULTS: Of the first cohort 13.4% had had their temperature recorded. This improved to 71.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of body temperature in the resuscitation room is important as hypothermia has profound effects on the cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological and haemostatic systems. Clinical audit highlights poor current performance and enables improvement of practice through simple education.
BACKGROUND: After tracheostomy, patients often present with chest complaints. Measurement of objective parameters of the tracheal climate is important to evaluate 'artificial noses' or humidifying devices. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to present an experimental setup for measurement of tracheal temperature and humidity for possible use in clinical studies in tracheotomized patients. METHODS: The study design was a prospective study. Patients with tracheal stoma were chosen as study participants. Tracheal temperature and humidity during the respiratory cycle were measured using a miniaturized thermocouple and a humidity sensor connected to a suction system. RESULTS: Accurate measurement of tracheal temperature and humidity was feasible in patients with tracheal stoma. Tracheal humidity and temperature values measured in this study were similar to values reported earlier by other working groups. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental setup presented may reliably be used in the evaluation of 'artificial noses' or other passive humidifiers in tracheotomized patients.
One of the problems in ultrasound surgery is the long treatment times when large tumour volumes are sonicated. Large tumours are usually treated by scanning the tumour volume using a sequence of individual focus points. During the scanning, it is possible that surrounding healthy tissue suffers from undesired temperature rise. The selection of the scanning path so that the tumour volume is treated as fast as possible while temperature rise in healthy tissue is minimized would increase the efficiency of ultrasound surgery. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a computationally efficient method which optimizes the scanning path. The optimization algorithm is based on the minimum time formulation of the optimal control theory. The developed algorithm uses quadratic cost criteria to obtain the desired thermal dose in the tumour region. The derived method is evaluated with numerical simulations in 3D which are applied to ultrasound surgery of the breast in simplified geometry. Results from the simulations show that the treatment time as well as the total applied energy can be decreased from 16% to 43% as compared to standard sonication. The robustness of the optimized scanning path is studied by varying the perfusion and absorption in the tumour region.