PubMed · 15080029
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Adrian O'Dowd. Should excess hours be allowed?. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15080029/
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This review summarizes key factors that have interfered with translation of research to practice and what public health researchers can do to hasten such transfer, focusing on characteristics of interventions, target settings, and research designs. The need to address context and to utilize research, review, and reporting practices that address external validity issues-such as designs that focus on replication, and practical clinical and behavioral trials-are emphasized. Although there has been increased emphasis on social-ecological interventions that go beyond the individual level, interventions often address each component as if it were an independent intervention. Greater attention is needed to connectedness across program levels and components. Finally, examples are provided of evaluation models and current programs that can help accelerate translation of research to practice and policy.
Health impact assessment (HIA)--a combination of methods to examine formally the potential health effects of a proposed policy, program, or project--has received considerable interest over the past decade internationally as a practical mechanism for collaborating with other sectors to address the environmental determinants of health and to achieve more effectively the goals of population health promotion. Demand for HIA in the United States seems to be growing. This review outlines the common principles and methodologies of HIA and compares different approaches to HIA. Lessons learned from the related field of environmental impact assessment and from experience with HIA in other countries are examined. Possible avenues for advancing both the field and the broader goals of population health promotion are outlined.
Medical staff organizations (MSOs) originated to reconcile hospitals' hierarchical management structure with the professional autonomy demanded by physicians. MSOs' primary purpose is to hold physicians collectively accountable for patient safety and clinical performance. However, in an era of declining hospital activity, most physicians no longer understand this. More often, they view the MSO as a political body whose purpose is to foster physicians' interests with the hospital's administration and board of trustees. In many hospitals, it is difficult to determine whether the MSO is the key to clinical improvement or the biggest barrier.