PubMed · 15191065
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Karen Kraco. 2004. Smart weapons.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15191065/
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The most characteristic enzymatic function of the class of enzymes known as transglutaminases (TG, EC 2.3.2.13) is the formation of covalent bonds between epsilon-amino groups of primary amines (from lysines or others) and the gamma-carboxamine group of glutamine residues of proteins. In the last years, a growing body of evidence indicate that the most interesting member of the TG family, namely the tissue TG (tTG, also called transglutaminase type 2, TG2), possesses more than one catalytic function. In fact, TG2 is able to catalyze a crosslinking reaction, a deamidation reaction and also shows GTP-binding/hydrolyzing and isopeptidase activities. Therefore, it can act on several classes of substrates, ranging from proteins to peptides, small reactive molecules like mono- and polyamines, and nucleotides. Given the broad spectrum of potentially different activities, elucidating the role of TG2 and its substrates in cellular functions and human diseases is a difficult task. In this study we focus our attention on substrates of TG2 and report a number of interesting considerations about their possible interplay in biological processes and involvement in human diseases, including genetic disorders. A significant improvement in understanding this complex scenario may come from a "multi-interfaced" approach, by exploiting different bioinformatic tools. Starting from a database of known TG2 substrates and using bioinformatic cross-search among other databases, we generated relational tables from which an involvement of TG2 in several genetic disorders can be hypothesized. Developing new bioinformatic tools and strategies to investigate the role of TG2 in molecular mechanisms underlying human diseases will add new light to this fascinating field of research.
Apheresis has now become an internationally popular mode of treatment for multiple immune complex disorders. However, the treatment remains quite expensive in Western Europe and the US. Apheresis tourism is a part of medical tourism or medical tourism specially related to therapeutic apheresis (TA) treatment in a foreign country on a cost effective basis. In the last couple of years, 'Medical Tourism' has become an upcoming and growing enterprise in India. The Indian Society for Apheresis (ISA) has taken a plunge at the opportune time and is trying to promote apheresis tourism in India. ISA is a member of various international apheresis organizations globally including the World Apheresis Association (WAA), the International Society for Apheresis (ISFA), the International Society for Artificial Organs (ISAO) and an associate of other national apheresis societies. The Indian Society for Apheresis (ISA) and the Ludhiana MediCiti (LMC) at Ludhiana Punjab are taking a big step in this direction. The therapeutic apheresis (TA) center at LMC is being set up as a Therapeutic Apheresis Institute and Research Center of excellence. The potential future impacts on the apheresis scenario are summarized.
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