PubMed · 15197884
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Kazusei Uematsu, Tadao Akizawa. 2004. [Biocompatibility].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15197884/
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Micro/nanomechanical and tribological characterization of SiC has been carried out. For comparison, measurements on SiC, CoCrMo, Ti-6Al-4V, and stainless steel have also been made. Hardness and elastic modulus of these materials were measured by nanoindentation using a nanoindenter. The nanoindentation impressions were imaged using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Scratch, friction, and wear properties were measured using an accelerated microtribometer. Scratch and wear damages were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is found that SiC exhibits higher hardness, elastic modulus, scratch resistance as well as lower friction with fewer and smaller debris particles compared to other materials. These results show that SiC possesses superior mechanical and tribological properties that make it an ideal material for use in orthopedic and other biomedical applications.
Ideal root end filling materials should have good physical and chemical properties, and the most important is that the material should be biocompatible with periradicular tissue. The biocompatibility of three root end filling materials, mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium hydroxide-based cement, and eugenol-based cement, were investigated in vitro by culturing extracts of these materials with human osteogenic sarcoma cells (U2OS). Extracts of each of the materials were made after incubation of the materials for 1 day and 1 week with complete McCoy's medium. The extracts were serially diluted and then incubated with U2OS cells for 24 and 48 h. Cell survival rates were assessed by means of a viability assay for mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Differences in mean cell survival rates were statistically assessed using one-way ANOVA. Results showed that the survival rates of U2OS cells were largest with mineral trioxide aggregate, followed by calcium hydroxide-based cement and eugenol-based cement at 24- and 48-h exposures using the 1-day and 1-week extracts. The duration of root end filling material extraction time and treatment time showed variable influence on the survival rates. The results suggest that mineral trioxide aggregate is more biocompatible than the other root end filling materials and is suitable for use in the clinical setting.
To design a mesoscopically ordered structure of the matrices and scaffolds composed of nano- and microscale fiber meshes for artificial and tissue-engineering devices, two new electrospinning techniques are proposed: multilayering electrospinning and mixing electrospinning. First, the following four kinds of component polymers were individually electrospun to determine the conditions for producing stable nano- and microfibers by optimizing the formulation parameters (solvent and polymer concentration) and operation parameters (voltage, air gap, and flow rate) for each polymer: (a) type I collagen, (b) styrenated gelatin (ST-gelatin), (c) segmented polyurethane (SPU), and (d) poly(ethylene oxide). A trilayered electrospun mesh, in which individual fiber meshes (type I collagen, ST-gelatin, and SPU) were deposited layer by layer, was formed by sequential electrospinning; this was clearly visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The mixed electrospun-fiber mesh composed of SPU and PEO was prepared by simultaneous electrospinning on a stainless-steel mandrel with high-speed rotation and traverse movement. A bilayered tubular construct composed of a thick SPU microfiber mesh as an outer layer and a thin type I collagen nanofiber mesh as an inner layer was fabricated as a prototype scaffold of artificial grafts, and visualized by scanning electron microscopy.