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PubMed · 15212809

Chlorpropham induces mitochondrial dysfunction in rat hepatocytes.

Yoshio Nakagawa·Kazuo Nakajima·Toshinari Suzuki
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Abstract

The metabolism and action of chlorpropham (isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate; CIPC, a post-harvest agent) and its metabolites were studied in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes and isolated rat hepatic mitochondria, respectively. The exposure of hepatocytes to CIPC caused a concentration (0.25-1.0 mM)- and time (0-3h)-dependent cell death accompanied by loss of cellular ATP and adenine nucleotides. CIPC at a weakly toxic level (0.5 mM) was metabolized to isopropyl N-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate (4OH-CIPC) and subsequently to its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates (major metabolites) or alternatively to a minor metabolite 3-chloroaniline (3CA). The addition of SKF-525A (50 microM), an inhibitor of microsomal monooxygenase, enhanced the CIPC (0.5 mM)-induced cytotoxicity accompanied by loss of ATP and 4OH-CIPC and inhibited the decrease in the concentration of the parent compound. CIPC led to a strong decrease in cellular ATP content compared to its metabolites, 4OH-CIPC and 3CA. On the other hand, the exposure of isolated hepatic mitochondria to CIPC reduced State 3 respiration with a FAD-linked substrate (succinate plus rotenone) and/or with a NAD+ -linked substrate (pyruvate plus malate), whereas State 3 respiration with ascorbate plus tetramethyl-p-phenylendiamine (cytochrome oxidase-linked respiration) was not affected markedly by CIPC. Further, the addition of CIPC caused an increase in the rate of State 4 oxygen consumption, indicating an uncoupling effect, and a decrease in the rate of State 3 oxygen consumption in a concentration-dependent manner, respectively. In contrast, the addition of neither 4OH-CIPC nor 3CA markedly affected the rate of states 3 and/or 4 oxygen consumption. These results indicate that CIPC-induced cytotoxicity is mediated by the parent compound rather than by its metabolites such as 4OH-CIPC and 3CA, and that the toxicity is associated with a rapid depletion of ATP via impairment of mitochondrial function related to oxidative phosphorylation.

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Adenine NucleotidesAnimalsBiotransformationCell DeathCell SeparationChlorprophamChromatography, High Pressure LiquidEnzyme InhibitorsHepatocytesHerbicidesIn Vitro TechniquesKineticsMaleMass SpectrometryMitochondria, LiverMixed Function OxygenasesOxygen ConsumptionProadifenRatsRats, Inbred F344Journal Article

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BibTeXRIS

Yoshio Nakagawa, Kazuo Nakajima, Toshinari Suzuki. 2004-08-05. Chlorpropham induces mitochondrial dysfunction in rat hepatocytes.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2004.03.012

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