Malarial hepatitis.

Abstract

AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical, biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver of patients of Plasmodium falciparum malaria with jaundice. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study was conducted on 50 PBF confirmed cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria with jaundice. Detailed history, clinical examination, biochemical parameters for liver function test and blood for hepatitis B and C was done in all patients. Liver biopsy was done for detailed histopathological examination in all the 20 patients having serum bilirubin between 3 to 10 mg%. All patients were treated by IV/oral quinine using standard regimen. RESULTS: Age of the patient was ranging from 15-45 years. All patients had jaundice, 70% had pallor, 56% had splenomegaly, 48% had hepatomegaly and 24% of cases had coma. Based on serum bilirubin level, the patients were categorized in group A (18 patients, serum bilirubin < 3 mg%), in group B (20 patients, serum bilirubin 3-10 mg%) and in group C (12 patients, serum bilirubin >10 mg%). Histopathological examination done in all the 20 patients of group B, showed evidence of swollen hepatocytes (100%), malarial pigment deposition (75%), inflammatory infiltrates (60%), congestion of hepatocyte (50%) alongwith centrizonal necrosis in 25% of cases. CONCLUSION: The evidence of predominant conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, increased levels of AST and ALT along with evidence of hepatocellular necrosis in histopathological examination are strong evidence of gross hepatocytic dysfunction in patients of Plasmodium falciparum malaria with jaundice. Therefore the term malarial hepatitis should not be taken as a misnomer.