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PubMed · 1527278

Validating a brief Pupil Evaluation Inventory.

C Lardon·L A Jason
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Abstract

A shortened version of the Pupil Evaluation Inventory (PEI) was evaluated. The shortened version consists of nine items and was administered to 381 third-, fourth-, and fifth-graders in Chicago area Catholic schools. A factor analysis revealed the same factor structure as the original measure. Correlations with other sociometric ratings and the Achenbach Teacher Report Form were moderate to strong. A series of ANOVAs was used to compare the factors of the PEI to the five social status groups calculated from a peer nominations measure, and significant differences were found. Rejected children received higher scores on Aggression and Withdrawal than any other group, and popular children scored significantly higher on Likability.

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AggressionChildFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansInterpersonal RelationsMalePeer GroupReproducibility of ResultsSocial IsolationSociometric TechniquesSurveys and QuestionnairesComparative StudyJournal Article

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C Lardon, L A Jason. 1992. Validating a brief Pupil Evaluation Inventory.. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00918982

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PubMed1992

Costs of deception: cheaters are punished in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

From a functional perspective, deception can evolve in animal populations but should be constrained by the costs associated with detection. It then follows that withholding information should be more prevalent as a form of deception than active falsification of information because of the relative difficulties associated with detecting cheaters. Empirical studies of deception have focused on the benefits of cheating but have provided no data on the costs associated with being detected as a cheater. I present results from field experiments on rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) which show that individuals discovering food announce their discoveries by calling on 45% of all trials. Discoverers who failed to call, but were detected with food by other group members, received significantly more aggression than vocal discoverers. Moreover, silent female discoverers ate significantly less food than vocal females. This demonstrates that there are significant costs to withholding information. Such costs may constrain the frequency with which deception occurs in this and other populations.

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