PubMed · 15409809
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L SCHWARTZ. A standardized patch test.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15409809/
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The pathophysiological responses to immune stress (IS) include activation of several processes which are dependent on cytosolic Ca2+ elevation. Magnesium frequently acts as a natural Ca2+ antagonist. In this study we have observed that Mg2+ can protect guinea-pigs against IS. Antigen-sensitized guinea-pigs, which had been fed a magnesium-deficient diet, were given a single dose (15 mg) of MgCl2 intraperitoneally 1 h before antigen challenge. The development of anaphylactic shock (AS) was observed during the next 2 h, and the hearts were subsequently examined histologically for signs of cardiac myolysis (CM). Magnesium (i) reduced the incidence of CM from 40% to 10% (p < 0.05); (ii) reduced the incidence of AS from 61% to 35% (p < 0.05); (iii) attenuated the severity of the AS; and (iv) lowered mortality from 39% in the control to 19% in the Mg(2+)-treated group (p = 0.1). Serum and tissue total [Mg2+] were not affected by the administration of MgCl2. Also, the serum and heart Mg2+ levels were the same whether or not the guinea-pigs developed AS or CM. In cell culture we demonstrated that by elevating the [Mg2+] in the medium bathing sensitized rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells, the increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] subsequent to antigen challenge was reduced from 174 +/- 23.28% (1 mM) to 82.74 +/- 13.22% (3 mM). We conclude that a single treatment with Mg2+ can considerably diminish damage induced by immune stress, probably by its altering the Ca2+: Mg2+ ratio. Since the physiological reaction to different types of stress is similar, Mg2+ could prove beneficial in preventing stress-induced shock in general. Studies examining the mechanisms by which Mg2+ exerts its effects thus provide a scientific basis for the current clinical use of Mg2+ in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and asthma.
A well-characterised gain-of-function point mutation within exon 17 of the c-kit proto-oncogene known as Asp816Val is present in patients with mastocytosis. Activation of mast cells through this receptor primes them for IgE-dependent activation, and patients with mastocytosis are at increased risk of anaphylaxis. We hypothesised that the Asp816Val mutation is associated with a history of anaphylaxis in the general population. A mismatch amplification real-time PCR assay was developed and validated to test for the Asp816Val mutation. Subjects were recruited to four subject groups: normal non-atopics, atopics without anaphylaxis, food-induced anaphylactics and non-food anaphylactics. Blood samples collected from forty subjects were tested for the presence of Asp816Val. Thirteen subjects were found to carry the mutation; normals (2/9), atopics (2/10), food anaphylactics (5/11) and non-food anaphylactics (4/10). Statistical analysis of the data determined that there was no significant difference between the numbers of subjects found to carry the Asp816Val mutation in each of the groups although a trend towards an increased occurrence in anaphylactics was observed. In summary, the hypothesis that the presence of the Asp816Val mutation is linked to the occurrence of anaphylaxis was not supported, but interestingly, we have shown for the first time Asp816Val may occur more frequently than previously reported within the general population.
We investigated the effect of a herbal formulation Okbyungpoong-Gamhmi (OG) on mast cell-dependent anaphylactic reactions by intra-rectal administration. OG concentration dependently inhibited compound 48/80-induced anaphylaxis-like response and ear swelling response with doses of 0.01-1g/kg. OG also inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis at the same concentrations. The histamine release induced by compound 48/80 or IgE from the rat peritoneal mast cells was reduced by 64.2 and 63.6%, respectively, at 1g/l. These results provide evidence that intra-rectal therapy of OG may be beneficial in the treatment of anaphylactic response.