PubMed · 15416244
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1950. PERFUMERY and essential oils.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15416244/
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NIR-FT-Raman as well as ATR-IR and NIR spectroscopy in combination with efficient chemometric algorithms was applied for rapid determination of piperine in black and white ground pepper and green whole pepper berries as well as pepper oleoresins. Most of the well-resolved Raman signals detected in the spectra of pepper and the related oleoresins can be assigned to piperine, which is known to be the main pungent principle in these products. On the basis of the specific key bands of piperine, also selective Raman mappings were successfully performed to determine the in situ distribution of the alkaloid in the whole green berry and the dried peppercorn as well. It was found that piperine occurs more or less in the whole perisperm of the green fruit. Furthermore, the content and composition of the volatile fraction in various pepper samples were determined by applying the mentioned vibrational spectroscopy techniques. Whereas only NIRS measurements present sufficient reliability to predict the main essential oil substances directly in ground black and white pepper, all spectroscopy methods applied in this study can be used to analyze individual terpenoids in the hydrodistilled oil. It can be assumed that some of the new, efficient vibrational spectroscopy methods have the potential to replace the standard analysis procedures presently applied for the quality control of peppercorns, pepper extracts, and pepper oil.
A simple and rapid method for the quantitative determination of four major components found in oregano and thyme essential oils is presented. The method correlates the Raman peak intensity in the spectral region from 1800 to 600 cm(-1) and the concentration percentage of each particular constituent in the sample. To achieve accurate quantification results and avoid the risk of overlapping peaks of unknown Raman-active substances in natural essential oils, the peaks must be analyzed. For this purpose, PEAKSOLVE software (Ver. 1.0.5) was used. Unknown samples were measured with the FT-Raman method, and the results were compared to those of the gas chromatographic (GC) analysis. The comparison was made at a confidence level of 99%, and the two methods scored equally in terms of repeatability and accuracy even at the edge of the method specifications. The new method can provide accurate results in very short times once the setup is complete and could be utilized in areas where vast amounts of samples must be analyzed.
The development of a new product in the chemical industry is still driven by needs like technical properties, price/performance ratio, biodegradability, or product safety. However, in terms of improving more and more on ecological criteria, summarized under such catchphrases as sustainable development or green chemistry, another important aspect is to use renewable resources as starting materials. This is not significantly new in fragrance chemistry, and there are a lot of raw materials in the perfume oils that are derived from molecules of renewable resources. Two commonly used materials are: longifolene (from turpentine oil) and cedrene (from cedarwood oil). These compounds are very suitable for the synthesis of woody and ambery notes, and even though it seemed that all possibilities were exhausted, it is actually still feasible to discover new molecules with excellent olfactory properties such as Ambrocenide (50a), which is available in three steps from alpha-cedrene. Some of these molecules will be treated in this review, both with respect to synthesis as well as structural and sensory aspects.