PubMed · 15438131
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S S BERGER. Topical dermatologic therapy.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15438131/
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The Fensch River is a tributary of the Moselle River. It is a highly contaminated river that drains an industrial area. The objective of this preliminary study is to determine its impact on the Moselle River by analysing the extractable organic matter (EOM) coming from the sediments at the molecular scale. EOM is described in term of aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons and polar compounds. EOM coming from Fensch River sediments is mainly composed of anthropogenic molecules. Aromatic hydrocarbons are dominated by parent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) underlining the pyrogenic origin of this fraction. Aliphatic hydrocarbons consist of diagenetic hopanes and a broad UCM that are characteristics of thermal mature organic matter. Upstream the confluence the EOM of the Moselle River is mainly from vegetal origin. It is composed of high molecular weight n-alkanes with an odd over even predominance, degredation products of phytol and stigmasterol. The occurrence of PAHs and diagenetic hopanes underlines that the Moselle River is already contaminated before the confluence. The Fensch River input drastically changes the EOM of the Moselle River. Amount of PAHs is doubled and the fingerprints of both aliphatic hydrocarbons and polar compounds highlight the combination of both natural and anthropogenic sources.
The coal tar found in contaminated soils of former manufactured gas plants and coking plants acts as a long-term source of PAHs. Organic carbon and PAH transfer from coal tar particles to water was investigated with closed-looped laboratory column experiments run at various particle sizes and temperatures. Two models were derived. The first one represented the extraction process at equilibrium and was based on a linear partitioning of TOC and PAHs between coal tar and water. The partition coefficient was derived as well as the mass of extractable organic matter in the particles. The second model dealt with mass transfer. Particle diffusion was the limiting step; organic matter diffusivity in the coal tar was then computed in the different conditions. A good consistency was obtained between experimental and computed results. Hence, the modeling of PAH migration in contaminated soils at the field scale requires taking into account coal tar as the source-term for PAH release.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in manufactured gas plant (MGP) site sediments are often associated with carbonaceous particles that reduce contaminant bioavailability. Although black carbon inclusive partitioning models have been proposed to describe elevated PAH partitioning behavior, questions remain on the true loading and association of PAHs in different particle types in industrially impacted sediments. In the studied MGP sediments, the light density organic particles (coal, coke, wood, and coal tar pitch) comprised 10-20% of the total mass and 70-95% of the PAHs. The remainder of the PAHs in sediment was associated with the heavy density particles (i.e., sand, silt, and clays). Among the different particle types, coal tar pitch (quantified by a quinoline extraction method) contributed the most to the bulk sediment PAH concentration. Aqueous partition coefficients for PAHs measured using a weathered pitch sample from the field were generally an order of magnitude higher than reported for natural organic matter partitioning, and match well with theoretical predictions based on a coal tar-water partitioning model. A pitch-partitioning inclusive model is proposed that gives better estimates of the measured site-specific PAH aqueous equilibrium values than standard estimation based on natural organic matter partitioning only. Thus, for MGP impacted sediments containing weathered pitch particles, the partitioning behavior may be dominated by the sorption characteristics of pitch and not by natural organic matter or black carbon.