PubMed · 15487371
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
Simon Cowap. 2004. Meaninglessness.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15487371/
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The effectiveness of psychological treatments in schizophrenia has been explored in controlled trials over the last 15 years leading to the conclusion that they are an important adjunct to antipsychotic medication in the treatment of the disorder. Family interventions and cognitive-behavioral treatments have received the most attention. However, studies have mainly been carried out with individuals with chronic, treatment-resistant psychosis, where participants have already been stabilized on antipsychotic medication, and there has been little evaluation of approaches with people with a first episode of schizophrenia. This article will review the literature relating to cognitive-behavioral individual and family interventions in early psychosis. The little evidence that exists suggests that family interventions and individual cognitive-behavioral interventions are acceptable to first-episode patients and that patients can be retained in treatment. In addition, some studies suggest that psychological treatments convey advantages over standard treatments for psychosis in terms of reducing the transition from pre-psychotic states to full-blown psychosis, reducing residual psychotic symptomatology, and improving caregiver outcomes. Considerable work is needed to elucidate the specific needs of first-episode patients and to rigorously evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions. The challenges to be met in developing treatments in this area relate to addressing the developmental needs of this group, incorporating substance use routinely into interventions, and developing treatments that are specific to the phase of illness that the individuals are experiencing.
BACKGROUND: Studies have also shown that non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) patients have higher scores of anxiety, depression, neurotism, chronic tension, hostility, hypochondriasis and tendency to be more pessimistic when compared with the community controls. However, the role of psychological interventions in NUD remains uncertain. OBJECTIVES: This review aims to determine the effectiveness of psychological interventions including psychotherapy, psychodrama, cognitive behavioural therapy, relaxation therapy and hypnosis in the improvement of either individual or global dyspepsia symptom scores and quality of life scores in patients with NUD. SEARCH STRATEGY: Trials were identified by searching the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Issue 3-1999), MEDLINE (1966-99), EMBASE (1988-99), PsycLIT (1987-1999) and CINAHL (1982-99). Bibliographies of retrieved articles were also searched and experts in the field were contacted. Searches were updated on 10 December 2002 and 21 January 2004. The searches were re-run on 24 January 2005 and no new trials were found SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-randomised studies assessing the effectiveness of psychological interventions (including psychotherapy, psychodrama, cognitive behavioural therapy, relaxation therapy and hypnosis) for non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) were identified. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data collected included both individual and global dyspepsia symptom scores and quality of life (QoL) scores. MAIN RESULTS: We identified only four trials each using different psychological interventions; three presented results in a manner that did not allow synthesis of the data to form a meta-analysis. All trials suggested that psychological interventions benefit dyspepsia symptoms and this effect persists for one year. However, all trials used statistical techniques that adjusted for baseline differences between groups. This should not be necessary for a randomised trial that is adequately powered suggesting that the sample size was too small. Unadjusted data was not statistically significant. The other problems of psychological intervention included low recruitment and high drop out rate, which has been shown to be greater in patients receiving group therapy. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence from this review to confirm the efficacy of psychological intervention in NUD.