PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 15497795

[Emphysema].

Michel Fournier
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The term emphysema refers both to abnormal enlargement and destruction of distal spaces of the lung. Diagnosis of emphysema is achieved by high resolution CT-scan of the thorax. Advanced forms of emphysema are associated with severe respiratory insufficiency. Isolated forms of emphysema may present as giant bullae with normal surrounding parenchyma. Diffuse panlobular emphysema is frequently associated with a genetic disease characterized by a severe deficit in alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT). Common forms of emphysema are observed in the distal lung of patients with COPD, or around fibrous and retractile lesions of the lung. Apart from the possible beneficial effect of augmentation therapy in case of severe deficit in AAT, there is no medical therapy currently active on the emphysematous process. Surgical approaches include bullaectomy which may be indicated in some cases of giant bullae, and lung transplantation and lung volume reduction surgery whose indications are both restricted to selected cases of advanced emphysema.

Explore related subjects

Diagnosis, DifferentialEmphysemaHumansLung TransplantationPneumonectomyPrognosisPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveTomography, X-Ray ComputedEnglish AbstractJournal ArticleReview

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Michel Fournier. 2004-09-15. [Emphysema].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15497795/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2006

Different clinical features in patients with limited and diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis.

This study aims to analyze differences among established disease damage indicators in patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc) and diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc). Fifty patients with lcSSc and 55 patients with dcSSc were included in this study. Difference in mean disease duration between the two subgroups of patients was not statistically significant (z=-0.88, p=0.38). Patients with lcSSc and dcSSc were compared, and differences in vascular, esophageal, lung, heart, renal, and musculoskeletal involvement were statistically assessed using chi (2), Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Using the technique of nailfold capillaroscopy, we found normal capillaries or nonspecific capillary change in 10.0% of the patients with lcSSc and only in 3.6% of the patients with dcSSc. Dilated capillaries without loss of capillaries were found in 42% of the patients with lcSSc and in 10.9% of the patients with dcSSc (p=0.05). However, severe capillary damage (loss of capillaries) was noticed more frequently in patients with dcSSc (dcSSc/lcSSc: 85.5%/48.0%, p=0.002). Pitting scars or digital ulcers were found in 46.0% of the patients with lcSSc and in 67.3% of the patients with dcSSc (p=0.04). We did not notice a significant difference in frequency of fingertip osteolysis and telangiectasia. Esophageal hypomotility was found in 64% of the patients with lcSSc and in 85.5% of the patients with dcSSc (p<0.01). We found interstitial lung fibrosis more frequently in patients with dcSSc (lcSSc/dcSSc: 16.0%/72.7%, p<0.001). Reduced forced vital capacity (FVC) was found in 6.0% of the of patients with lcSSc and in 41.8% of the patients with dcSSc (p<0.001). A decreased value of the transfer factor for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was also observed more frequently in patients with dcSSc. Heart involvement was found in 29.1% of the patients with dcSSc and less frequently (p<0.001) in patients with lcSSc (8%). Similarly, we found renal involvement more frequently in patients with dcSSc (lcSSc/dcSSc: 2.0%/16.3%). Tendon friction rubs were noticed in 23.6% of the patients with dcSSc and only in 6% of the patients with lcSSc (p<0.01). Joint contractures were observed in 70.9% of the patients with dcSSc and in 26.0% of the patients with lcSSc (p<0.001). Muscle weakness was noticed more frequently in patients with dcSSc (lcSSc/dcSSc: 22.0%/40.0%, p<0.05). Arthralgia was found more frequently in patients with dcSSc, but arthritis became apparent, without significant difference in frequency, in 16% of the patients with lcSSc and in 16.4% of the patients with dcSSc. Loss of capillaries (detected by nailfold capillaroscopy), digital ulcers, interstitial lung fibrosis, decreased FVC and DLCO, esophageal hypomotility, musculoskeletal impairment, and heart and renal involvement are more common in patients with dcSSc. Fingertip osteolysis, telangiectasia, and arthritis are equally frequent in both forms of the disease.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2006

A case of mesenteric cystic lymphangioma: fat saturation and chemical shift MR imaging.

Mesenteric cystic lymphangioma is an uncommon lesion that may be difficult to diagnose radiologically. In our case, a septate cystic mass showed fluid attenuation on a computed tomography scan. We were able to define the fat content within the cystic tumor by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The presence of fat within an intra-abdominal cystic mass is suggestive of a dermoid cyst, cystic lymphangioma, or lymphocele. The pathologic diagnosis revealed a cystic lymphangioma, which originated from the mesentery. Although the MR imaging features of dermoid cysts and lymphangiomas are well known, the demonstration of fat content by chemical shift and fat saturation MRI has not yet been reported for a cystic lymphangioma.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2006

[Hepatorenal syndrome].

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is defined as the development of renal insufficiency in chronic liver disease with portal hypertension when other causes of functional renal failure are excluded. Incidence in patients with refractory ascites is 8%, with an overall incidence of renal failure in end stage liver disease being 75%. HRS is predictive for the prognosis of end stage liver failure but its pathogenesis is complex and currently not fully understood.

Diagnosis, Differential↗