PubMed · 15616785
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Stefanie Trapmann, Hendrik Emons. 2005. Reliable GMO analysis.. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-004-2901-x
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This paper outlines and illustrates the working of a theoretical approach from the social sciences for analyzing medical innovation, unmet medical need, and the drug pipeline. Using the social history of three drugs made from recombinant DNA (insulin, human growth hormone, and tissue-plasminogen activator) the paper shows how drugs can be both technically and organizationally efficient while the needs they satisfy can be created or identified. The paper posits that drugs that require more organizational efficiency tend to satisfy identified, rather then created needs. Key words: Recombinant DNA, technical efficiency, organizational efficiency, anthropology.
The mitochondrial outer membrane mediates numerous interactions between the metabolic and genetic systems of mitochondria and the rest of the eukaryotic cell. We performed a proteomic study to discover novel functions of components of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Proteins of highly pure outer membrane vesicles (OMV) from Neurospora crassa were identified by a combination of LC-MS/MS of tryptic peptide digests and gel electrophoresis of solubilized OMV proteins, followed by their identification using MALDI-MS PMF. Among the 30 proteins found in at least three of four separate analyses were 23 proteins with known functions in the outer membrane. These included components of the import machinery (the TOM and TOB complexes), a pore-forming component (porin), and proteins that control fusion and fission of the organelle. In addition, proteins playing a role in various biosynthetic pathways, whose intracellular location had not been established previously, could be localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane. Thus, the proteome of the outer membrane can help in identifying new mitochondria-related functions.
In order to facilitate the producer of polyketide pathway, four different transformation methods were tested and compared in an attempt to develop the genetic transformation system of Monascus sp. Using vector pBC-Hygro, the fungus was transformed to be hygromycin B-resistant, by conventional transformation as well as electroporation based on protoplast, electroporation based on germinated conidia, and restriction enzyme-mediated integration (REMI). Electroporation based on germinated conidia was found to be inappropriate for transforming Monascus sp. due to a low transformation frequency. The conventional transformation and electroporation technique based on protoplasts were thought not to be fit for transforming Monascus sp., due to a low stability of transformants though they yielded up to 135 transformants and 125 transformants per microgrammol/Lol/Le DNA, respectively. Transformant number was increased by 20-fold by REMI (2,500 transformants per microgrammol/Lol/Le DNA) and 70%-75% of them were stable. REMI technique would be very beneficial to the establishment of the genetic transformation system of Monascus sp.