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[A look inside the bladder--the human behind it].

D Hauri
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Abstract

To study the inside of humans is an old wish of mankind. Cystoscopy and its development are known to-initiates. In the following we do not stress this examination, but focus on those people behind it who shared in paving the way for improvement with their fantasy and energy without neglecting to report on the human and very human aspects.

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CystoscopesCystoscopyEuropeHistory, 18th CenturyHistory, 19th CenturyHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, 21st CenturyHumansUnited StatesUrinary Bladder DiseasesHistorical ArticleJournal ArticlePortrait

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D Hauri. 2005. [A look inside the bladder--the human behind it].. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-004-0760-x

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PubMed2006

[Maximilian Nitze (1848-1906): Obstetrician to urology].

Maximilian Carl Friedrich Nitze was born on the 18th of September 1848 in Berlin. In 1874 he passed his state examination in Leipzig for a doctorate in medicine. Nitze demonstrated the first urethroscope and cystoscope, which he had built with great effort and under considerable hardship, at the Dresden-Friedrichstadt Institute using a cadaver--this was the hour of birth of modern urology. Nitze's invention of the cystoscope and his achievements as a urologist have made urology into an independent specialist branch of medicine. This led, after his early death, to the establishment of the German Society for Urology and the Zeitschrift für Urologie in 1906, as well as the organization of the first urological congress in Vienna in 1907.

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PubMed2006

Max Nitze, the cystoscope and urology.

PURPOSE: Maximilian Carl-Friedrich Nitze (1848 to 1906) designed the modern cystoscope, providing a foundation for urology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The historical literature, including the original writings of Nitze, was reviewed. RESULTS: The invention of the cystoscope by Nitze revolutionized endoscopy but his true genius lay in his lifelong pursuit of better methods to diagnose and treat patients with urological diseases and in teaching others the practical use and value of cystoscopy. He also designed the first operating cystoscope, took the first endoscopic photographs and published the first textbook in urology. CONCLUSIONS: The legacy of discovery of Max Nitze established the specialty of urology and a legitimate claim as the father of urology.

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