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PubMed · 15918646

Multidisciplinary oncology panel develops international antiemetic consensus guidelines.

Rebecca Clark-Snow·Cynthia N Rittenberg
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AntiemeticsAntineoplastic AgentsConsensus Statements as TopicHumansInternational CooperationMedical OncologyNauseaOncology NursingPatient Care TeamPractice Guidelines as TopicVomitingNews

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Rebecca Clark-Snow, Cynthia N Rittenberg. 2005. Multidisciplinary oncology panel develops international antiemetic consensus guidelines.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15918646/

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A meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of four 5-HT3-receptor antagonists for acute chemotherapy-induced emesis.

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Antiemetics↗
PubMed2007

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OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in adults. DATA SOURCES: Literature retrieval was accessed through MEDLINE (1966-December 2006) using the terms postoperative nausea and vomiting, prevention and treatment. Article references were hand-searched for additional relevant articles and abstracts. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All studies published in English were evaluated. Those dealing with prevention and treatment of PONV in adults were included in the review. DATA SYNTHESIS: Evidence suggests that providing prophylactic antiemetic medications in high-risk surgical patients is warranted. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are widely used, with no one agent being clearly superior. However, studies have shown other types of agents to be more cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS: The first step in the prevention of PONV is assessment and reduction of risk factors. Although nonpharmacologic therapies may play a role in the treatment of PONV, the mainstay of therapy for PONV is pharmacologic modalities. Patients at moderate to high risk for PONV need prophylactic antiemetic therapy. High-risk patients may require combination therapy with 2 or 3 agents from different antiemetic classes. Rescue antiemetic therapy is needed by patients who actually develop PONV. The agents of choice in such cases should be from antiemetic classes different from those used for prophylaxis of PONV.

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PubMed2007

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Nausea and vomiting continues to be an important problem for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are classified as acute, occurring within the first 24h, or delayed, occurring after the first 24h. A number of antiemetic agents are available for the management of nausea and vomiting, including 5-HT3-receptor-antagonists, corticosteroids, NK-1-receptor-antagonists, dopamine-receptor antagonists, benzodiazepines, neuroleptics and cannabinoids. With modern antiemetic therapy, vomiting can be prevented in 70-80% of patients, whereas the control of nausea remains suboptimal. The development of acute emesis is known to depend on serotonin. The pathophysiology of delayed emesis is less well understood, and multiple mechanisms may contribute, including substance P. Here, the most recent developments in the antiemetic therapy, including new antiemetic drugs and the latest guidelines for antiemetic prophylaxis, are reviewed.

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