PubMed · 16027617
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O B Vaughan. 2005. Congratulations.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.05.039
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Toxicology's evolution from a traditional science of poisons to an extensive discipline has introduced complications and ambiguity in the definition of a scientific area of qualification and training. The need to define toxicology and to identify and standardise the roles and the profiles of practising toxicologists in order to certify the professional credibility of toxicologists has been recognised by national registries and certifying boards across the USA, Europe and Asia. Established in 1994, the EUROTOX Model (www.eurotox.com) has promoted the harmonisation of educational differences, practical experiences and common visions and requirements for the accreditation of toxicologists in Europe. Such harmonisation should be seen as an indispensable step towards the mutual recognition of registered toxicologists at a global level and to promote the development of shared educational and training programmes on a regional basis. A description of typical professional roles for toxicologists with required educational background, training and experience are presented in this paper and serve as the basis for the ERT templates, a self-evaluation tool for individuals seeking ERT recognition.
BACKGROUND: The number of physicians available in a given country, their efficiency, quality and specialization is of utmost epidemiological importance. AIM: To evaluate the availability of physicians in Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The information about the number of physicians in Chile up to the year 2004, was obtained from the Ministry of Health, national universities and the register of immigrant physicians since 1950. RESULTS: The total number of physicians licensed to practice was 25,542, of whom 2,700 are immigrants. The physician/inhabitant ratio increased from 1/921 in 1998 to 1/612 in 2004. The greater impact in the increment of available physicians was given by the immigration of professionals and by the increase in the number of physicians graduated from national universities, mainly from the new private universities. Forty two percent of physicians work at public services and 61% of these are certified specialists. The regional distribution of general practitioners and basic specialists is adequate. Along the country, the mean physician/beneficiary ratio is 8.45/10,000, the specialist/beneficiary ratio is 4.9/10,000 and the general practitioner/beneficiary ratio is 2.3/10,000. CONCLUSIONS: The national information of available physicians, especially in the private sector, should be improved. Immigration of physicians should be regulated, maintaining validation examinations and a National Medical Test to assess medical proficiency should be instituted.
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