PubMed · 1603169
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A A Lycklama à Nijeholt. 1992-06-06. [Bladder carcinoma].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1603169/
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Chronic urinary tract infection is an important risk factor for the development of carcinoma in the human urinary bladder. To test the effect of chronic persistent inflammation on bladder carcinogenesis, we instilled heat-killed Escherichia coli (1 x 10(8) cells suspended in 0.5 ml of phosphate-buffered 2.1% NaCl solution) twice a week into the heterotopically transplanted rat urinary bladders in which carcinogenesis was initiated by a single dose (0.25 mg) of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. When compared with the control animals, the rats treated with killed E. coli showed significantly enhanced bladder tumorigenesis, as reflected by an increase in the incidence of tumor (P = 0.05) and a 6- to 40-fold increase in the number of tumors per bladder (P less than 0.0001). The tumors were characterized by intraepithelial clusterings of neutrophils and by chronic inflammation and marked capillary proliferation in the tumor stroma. All of these features were rare in tumors in the control groups. The accelerated cell proliferation induced by killed E. coli treatment appears to play a significant role in the enhancement of tumorigenesis.
Alteration of natural killer (NK) activity from the peripherial blood was examined in the patients with superficial bladder cancer during two years between 1989-1991. The natural killer cell activity in patients with superficial bladder cancer was significantly depressed that activity was found in normal controls (P less than 0.01). 23 patients received intravesical BCG immuntherapy and NK activity was detected in the same patients 72 times in different period during the therapy. The authors decided that the activity of NK cells alters in BCG therapy. Increase of NK cells activity in the most common way of this alteration but many different type of this change is possible. The lower dose BCG (120 mg) often induce augmentation of NK activity but high dose BCG (200 mg) more frequently caused depressed activity of NK cells. The authors didn't find direct connection between therapy effect and NK activity but they found significantly less NK activity (P less than 0.03) in the patients who are in relapse. According to their opinions the role of natural killer cells in the antitumor effect of BCG can not be excluded. They recommended more immunological investigations to clear up the anticancer effect of BCG immuntherapy.
Pseudorabies virus was injected into the wall of the urinary bladder and, following incubation times of 2, 3 and 4 days, central nervous tissue was processed immunohistochemically for the presence of virus. Longer incubation times resulted in more extensive spread of the virus. Infected neurons were initially found in the spinal cord (mainly lumbosacral) and, after longer survival times, in raphe nuclei, reticular area, pontine micturition center, locus coeruleus, red nucleus, hypothalamus, preoptic, and cortical areas. These data define a multisynaptic circuit of neurons whose ultimate output influences urinary bladder function.