PubMed · 16111329
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
Katsumi Yamauchi. 2005. [Immunologic tests: Hepatocyte membrane antibody].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16111329/
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
The feasibility and mechanism of gene delivery by pullulan-spermine, a recently developed cationic polysaccharide, were investigated. Pullulan-spermine-mediated transfection of plasmid DNA resulted in greatly reduced cytotoxicity and a 10-fold increase in the level of gene expression when compared to Lipofectamine 2000, a commercially available cationic lipid. Additionally, after transfection of p53-expressing plasmid DNA by pullulan-spermine but not Lipofectamine 2000, the in vitro proliferation of T24 cells was significantly reduced. Pullulan-spermine-mediated gene expression was inhibited by both chlorpromazine of clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitor and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and filipin of raft/caveolae inhibitors. We conclude that pullulan-spermine is a promising carrier for gene transfection, and that cellular uptake of pullulan-spermine-plasmid DNA complexes is mediated by clathrin- and raft/caveolae-dependent endocytotic pathways.
We investigated the transfection properties of singly and triply lactose-functionalized derivatives, Lac(1) and Lac(3), and non-glycosylated one, Lac(0), of calix[4]resorcarene-based amphiphilic octaamine 1 in light of those previously reported for more extensively glycosylated compounds Lac(5) and Lac(8). They all strongly bind to the luciferase-encoding plasmid DNA pCMVluc (7040 base-pairs) with a saturation stoichiometry of Lac(n)/P approximately =0.5 (n=0, 1, or 3) or 0.7 (n=5 or 8), where P stands for a phosphate moiety of the plasmid DNA. The resulting carrier-DNA conjugates are positively charged and monomeric (monomolecular with respect to DNA) as such when n=0 or 1, neutral and monomeric when n=3, or neutral and aggregated when n=5 or 8. Transfection of HeLa (uterine) and HepG2 (hepatic) cell lines shows a general trend of decreasing luciferase expression efficiencies (E) in lively cells as well as cytotoxicities with increasing n's. The cell selectivities for HepG2 over HeLa sharply increase with increasing n's; E(HepG2)/E(HeLa)=0.3, 0.6, 7, 14, and 120 for Lac(0), Lac(1), Lac(3), Lac(5), and Lac(8), respectively, as a result of specific receptor pathway involving the asialoglycoprotein receptors on the hepatic (HepG2) cell surfaces and clustering lactose moieties of the carrier-DNA conjugates. The toxicity-corrected, overall efficiency of gene delivery to hepatocytes is optimized at Lac(3), which forms compactly packed (approximately 40 nm), charge-masked (xi approximately = 0 mV), and less toxic virus-like particles capable of receptor-mediated hepatocyte targeting.
In assessing the severity of chronic liver disease, one measures either the fibrotic structure of the liver or liver function. This article reviews the methods for evaluating the severity of liver disease noninvasively by estimating function or structure.