PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 16168575

Norovirus protein structure and function.

Michele E Hardy
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Noroviruses are positive strand RNA viruses that have received increased attention in recent years because their role as etiologic agents in acute gastroenteritis outbreaks is now clearly established. Much has been learned about the epidemiology of these viruses and the extent of genetic diversity among circulating strains. In contrast, progress on understanding the basic mechanisms of virus replication has been far slower due to the inability to cultivate virus in the laboratory. Despite this limitation, significant progress has been made in defining some basic functions of the norovirus proteins, and the structures of two have been solved to near atomic resolution. This minireview summarizes these recent advances in understanding the structure and function of the norovirus proteins and provides speculation about what roles they may play in the virus replication cycle.

Explore related subjects

Caliciviridae InfectionsGastroenteritisGenome, ViralHumansModels, MolecularMolecular StructureNorovirusProtein ConformationViral ProteinsVirus ReplicationJournal ArticleResearch Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Review

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Michele E Hardy. 2005-09-06. Norovirus protein structure and function.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.08.031

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2007

Molecular epidemiology of norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks in North Carolina, United States: 1995-2000.

Noroviruses (NoVs) are the most common cause of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks in the US. We investigated 16 gastroenteritis outbreaks in North Carolina (NC), from 1995 to 2000, to further characterize the epidemiology of NoV using RT-PCR on stool and ELISA on sera. NoV were identified in 14 outbreaks by RT-PCR. Sequence analyses of the amplicons indicated the outbreak strains belonged to the following clusters: five GII/4, three GI/3, one GI/4, one GII/2, one GII/5, one GII/7, and one GII/13 (prototype strain). We detected NoV in stool samples from one outbreak but could not determine its specific cluster within the GII genogroup based on polymerase sequence analysis. The five GII/4 strains were classified as the "95/96 US common strain" and occurred throughout the 5-year period. In contrast to national trends, the majority (86%) of NoV outbreaks identified in North Carolina were foodborne. Of the 12 food-related NoV outbreaks, we were able to document transmission by food handlers in two outbreaks. Person-to-person transmission from primary cases was suggested in three outbreaks. Our results indicate that NoVs are important agents of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in NC.

Caliciviridae Infections↗
PubMed2007

Prolonged norovirus shedding in infants <or=6 months of age with gastroenteritis.

BACKGROUND: Noroviruses (NV) are one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis in young children; however, the duration of NV shedding in young children is not well known. METHODS: Fecal specimens were collected from children with acute gastroenteritis at a pediatric clinic during the period from November to December 2002 and tested for NV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Of 71 children infected with NV, 60 (84.5%) were less than 3 years old. Among children aged <2 years and those aged 2 to 5 years, the duration of illness was longer (7 days versus 3.5 days, P = 0.0069), the maximum number of stools in a 24-hour period was greater (7 versus 3, P = 0.0078) and a 20-point severity score was higher (11 versus 8, P = 0.0031) in patients aged <2 years than in patients aged 2 to 5 years. Among the 23 children whose follow-up specimens were obtained, the median duration of NV shedding was 16 days (range, 5-47 days). Virus shedding for more than 2 weeks after onset was observed in 75% (6 of 8), 71.4% (5 of 7) and 25% (2 of 8) of children aged <1 year, 1 year and 2 to 3 years, respectively. Three infants aged <or=6 months continued to excrete NV for an extremely long period (more than 42, 44 and 47 days from onset) after recovery. CONCLUSION: Long-term virus shedding after the disappearance of clinical symptoms was observed. Caution should be exercised when handling the excrement of infants and young children infected with NV.

Caliciviridae Infections↗