PubMed · 16335011
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William Small, Gayle Woloschak. 2006. Radiation toxicity: a practical guide. Introduction.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16335011/
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In this paper we describe a non-linear model with correlated observations which accounts for the elimination rate of radiation in the lung of individuals who have been exposed to an accidental intake at some time. The response is then modelled as a conditional Poisson distribution. When the leak is moderate or the size of the particles is large a theoretical justification of this assumption is given and D-optimal designs are computed.
The feasibility of a nanodosemeter based on a liquid scintillator cocktail of four components (ethoxylated nonylphenol, pseudocumene, water and a lipophilic mixture) is studied. The dosemeter can work in distinct gel phases, for which the radioactive substance can be confined inside aqueous nanoscale structures of different size. For water volumes ranging 0-15%, it results in a gel with micelles of 4 nm radius. For water volumes ranging 30-50%, the resulting liquid-crystal gel contains nanostructures of approximately 20 nm radius. The low-energy electron emission arising from the decay of (3)H and (55)Fe is counted in a commercial liquid-scintillation counting spectrometer for both homogeneous and gel samples. The counting efficiency gap between the two phases is used to compute the average energy deposited inside the micelle.
Spinal tumors constitute 15% of all CNS neoplasms. Radiation therapy can be administered for palliation of pain and spinal cord compression. However, the amount of radiation that can be administered is often limited by the tolerance of the spinal cord, especially in cases where prior radiation therapy has been given. Stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy allow the delivery of a higher dose of radiation to spinal lesions, while limiting the spinal cord dose to below the tolerance level. These are technically demanding procedures and should be performed only when proper equipment and expertise are available. Data on spinal stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy have emerged in recent years. This review summarizes the clinical applications of stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy for spinal tumors.