PubMed Health⌕ Search

PubMed · 16459819

Simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification in MBR.

Abstract

Experiments have been carried out to get an understanding of the effect of DO, C/N ratio and pH on the performance of a bench scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. It was found that under the conditions of MLSS in the range of 8000-9000 mg/L and temperature of water in the MBR of 24 degrees C, influent COD and NH3-N in the range of 523-700 mg/L and 17.24-24 mg/L respectively, the removals of COD, NH3-N and TN were 98%, 99% and 60%; 96.5%, 0,98% and 75%; 96%, 95% and 92%; 90%,70% and 60% respectively at DO of 6, 3, 1 and 0.5 mg/L. It was also found that the changes in C/N ratio and pH in a certain range have a slight effect on COD removal but have significant influence on the removal of NH3-N and TN. The results showed that only under the conditions that each ecological factor was maintained relatively steadily, simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification proceeded smoothly. It was found that when C/N ratio was 30, the influent pH 7.2, the temperature of water in MBR 24 degrees C and DO 1 mg/L, as optimum conditions, the removals of COD, NH3-N and TN were 96%, 95% and 92% respectively. In addition, mechanism research on simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification in MBR has been conducted as well.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

B Wang, S He, L Wang, L Shuo. 2005. Simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification in MBR.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16459819/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

Adaptive Evolution Reveals Metabolic Plasticity and Functional Redundancy in an Anaerobic Microbiome under Extreme Ammonia Stress.

Ammonia toxicity represents a primary biochemical bottleneck governing microbial community structure and performance during the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. However, the mechanistic basis of microbial adaptation to chronic ammonia levels remains poorly characterized. In this study, a long-term sequential enrichment strategy under progressively increasing ammonia concentrations (350-1500 mgN L-1), integrated with genome-centric metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, was employed to resolve the response of an organic waste-degrading microbiome over a 240 day period. Increasing ammonia pressure induced a progressive decline in methanogenesis and accumulation of volatile fatty acids, particularly acetate. Despite these inhibitory pressures, methane production was only halved relative to the initial baseline reflecting a resilient methanogenic community. This stability was driven by a restructuring of the microbiome, where functional redundancy across divergent taxa preserved core metabolic functions. Key adaptive responses included the reconfiguration of carbon fixation pathways, specifically via a variant of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway coupled with the glycine cleavage system acting as an alternative acetate oxidation route, as well as sustained osmoprotectant biosynthesis. Cellular homeostasis was preserved through H+ replenishment via multiple energy-converting complexes and K+ influx to maintain cation-proton balance. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that metabolic plasticity and the preservation of core metabolic functions are the primary determinants of ammonia resilience, sustaining methane production under inhibitory conditions.

Ammonia↗

Potential survival strategies of novel comammox and nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospira synthesizing osmoprotectants in a wastewater microbiome treating high-ammonia brackish landfill leachate.

BACKGROUND: In the late stages of landfill operation, leachate becomes brackish and contains high concentrations of ammonia with limited organic carbon. At leachate treatment facilities, it is typically subjected to nitrification followed by denitrification, with methanol supplied as an external electron donor. This unique environment may harbor novel microorganisms, including nitrifiers. Although a variety of microorganisms are involved in nitrification, their substrate specificity and salinity tolerance remain insufficiently understood. In this study, a genome-centric metagenome analysis was conducted on the microbiome from a leachate treatment facility at a closed landfill. RESULTS: A total of 68 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed, including 64 putative novel species. Among these, two Nitrospira MAGs were recovered: a novel complete ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (comammox), Nitrospira LAS72 (88.72% completeness, 2.10% contamination), and canonical nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospira LAS18 (99.98% completeness, 2.29% contamination). Comparative genomic analysis with 260 publicly available Nitrospira genomes revealed that LAS18 represents a new sub-lineage within lineage VII of the Nitrospira genus. Two ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus LAS21 and Nitrosarchaeum LAS73, were also identified, while canonical ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were not detected. Given the brackish conditions (1.23% salinity) and the methanol-fed operation of the treatment facility, the genomic potential for osmotic stress adaptation and methanol metabolism was investigated. Comammox Nitrospira LAS72 harbors biosynthetic pathways for several compatible solutes (osmoprotectants), including glycine betaine, proline, trehalose, and L-glutamate. Moreover, comammox Nitrospira LAS72 possesses genetic potential for oxidizing formaldehyde, suggesting that it may exploit these methanol-derived intermediates as energy sources. These features indicate that LAS72 may withstand osmotic fluctuations through the production of various osmoprotectants and thrive under the unique conditions of a methanol-fed environment. CONCLUSIONS: The discovery of novel comammox Nitrospira and canonical Nitrospira forming a new sub-lineage within lineage VII of the Nitrospira genus in an ammonia-rich brackish environment provides the first genomic evidence for evolutionary adaptation among nitrifiers to saline, methanol-fed environments. These findings enhance our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary dynamics shaping nitrifier communities in complex treatment ecosystems. Video Abstract.

Ammonia↗

Hypoosmolarity inhibits ammonia oxidation by terrestrial and freshwater Nitrosopumilaceae members.

Salinity strongly influences the physiology and distribution of nitrifying microorganisms, yet the effects of low salinity remain understudied. This study investigates the impact of hypoosmolarity on different groups of ammonia oxidizers in soil and freshwater reservoirs, as well as in pure culture isolates. In soil microcosms amended with ammonium, at low salinity levels (~120 μS/cm), comparable to values commonly found in pristine terrestrial and freshwater environments, the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), dominated by Nitrosomonas oligotropha, significantly increased. In contrast, the growth of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), dominated by "Candidatus Nitrosotenuis" of the Nitrosopumilaceae family, was stimulated by high salinity (~760 μS/cm). In ammonium-fed freshwater microcosms, the abundance of AOB, dominated by N. oligotropha, significantly increased under both low (~170 μS/cm) and high salinity (~850 μS/cm) conditions. In the presence of allylthiourea (50 μM), used to inhibit bacterial ammonia oxidation, AOA were sensitive to low salinity in both soil and freshwater microcosms. Consistently, culture-dependent studies revealed marked growth inhibition of terrestrial AOA, especially members of Nitrosopumilaceae, under hypoosmolarity, unlike AOB and complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox) strains. Genomic analyses, along with transcriptomic studies, suggested that the sensitivity of AOA to hypoosmolarity stress was possibly due to a lack of osmoregulatory transport systems and their S-layer cell wall structure. Overall, this study indicates hypoosmolarity as an important factor shaping the ecological niches and distribution of ammonia oxidizers, as well as nitrification activities, in terrestrial and freshwater environments that are increasingly affected by intensified water cycles due to global change.

Ammonia↗