PubMed · 16620456
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Stephen Lawrie, Andrew McIntosh, Zia Nadeem. 2005. Schizophrenia.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16620456/
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The treatment of Tourette's syndrome is a challenge. Dopamine receptor antagonists are the drugs of first choice for the treatment of tics. Because large controlled trials are lacking, there is no consensus about which of the different neuroleptic drugs should be preferred. In Germany, tiapride seems to be used most often for the treatment of tics in children - although only one small controlled trial has been performed on it till now. In adults, other dopamine receptor antagonists such as risperidone, pimozide, and sulpiride seem to be more effective than tiapride. Today it is unknown whether new atypical neuroleptic drugs including the benzamide amisulpride are more effective than the older benzamides tiapride and sulpiride.
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It has been argued that the efficacy superiority found in meta-analyses for some of the atypical antipsychotics is an artifact of higher dropout rates due to side effects in the haloperidol group combined with last-observation-carried-forward (LOCF) analyses. We therefore reanalyzed a number of pivotal studies comparing new generation antipsychotics (NGAs) and conventional antipsychotics (CAs). A total of 5 studies (n = 1271) comparing amisulpride and 3 studies (n = 2454) comparing olanzapine with CAs were reanalyzed using original patient data. We applied 4 different models: LOCF, completer analysis, LOCF but excluding dropouts due to adverse events, and LOCF but excluding all dropouts with the exception of dropouts related to efficacy. Effect sizes expressed as standardized mean differences between NGAs and CAs based on the 4 different analysis models were compared. The overall results were not different irrespective of the model used. Single studies, however, showed higher effect sizes when LOCF instead of other models was used. Overall, it does not seem that higher dropout rates due to side effects in the haloperidol groups together with LOCF analyses consistently biased the results in favor of amisulpride and olanzapine. Because the results of the single studies, however, showed that this may occasionally be the case, future studies should look at the data from different angles applying sensitivity analyses, and they may use alternative statistics such as mixed models, which need to be developed further. Ultimately, strategies to reduce dropout rates are needed.