PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 16722102

Optimal flow distribution over multiple parallel pellet reactors: a model-based approach.

K M van Schagen·R Babuska·L C Rietveld·E T Baars
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

A drinking water treatment plant has a typical configuration of parallel lanes to provide safe drinking water 24 h a day. A new approach for optimising the production of drinking water treatment plants is proposed. This approach is applied to the softening process step and shows promising results in terms of cost reduction by optimising the water distribution over several parallel reactors. The proposed scheme relies on optimal model-based control of a single softening reactor and the use of a bypass.

Explore related subjects

Calcium CarbonateCost SavingsWater MovementsWater PurificationWater SupplyJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

K M van Schagen, R Babuska, L C Rietveld, E T Baars. 2006. Optimal flow distribution over multiple parallel pellet reactors: a model-based approach.. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.160

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2006

Comparison of the solution behaviour of a pyrite-calcite mixture in batch and unsaturated sand column.

A successful application of reaction transport algorithms to calculate the chemical evolution of natural systems requires accurate methods to compute the rates of mineral/fluid surface reactions. Regarding the transport of radio-nuclides in mining dumps the dissolution of minerals is of special importance. Using a kinetic rate law of the mineral dissolution verified for unsaturated conditions will allow a realistic modelling of the mineral weathering in the environment. Dissolution rates of minerals in an aqueous solution are determined by several characteristics. These are surface reaction rates, morphology of the mineral's surface and, in case it is the unsaturated zone, the degree of the water saturation. For this process, the quantity of the particle surfaces which are in contact with percolating water is most decisive. In order to study the differences of mineral dissolution under saturated and unsaturated conditions batch and column experiments were carried out with a pyrite-calcite mixture. The experimental results were verified by calculations. Comparing the dissolution in batch with those in the column experiment, which was performed with a water flow velocity of 0.64 cm/day and was analyzed in the region of a water saturation of 0.11, one can conclude that only a small portion of about 5% of the grain surface is chemically reactive in this unsaturated flow.

Calcium Carbonate↗
PubMed2006

Oriented aggregation and novel phase transformation of vaterite controlled by the synergistic effect of calcium dodecyl sulfate and n-pentanol.

Calcium dodecyl sulfate (CDS) was used for the first time both as an anionic surfactant and as the source of mineral ions in the precipitation process of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The simple reaction of the enriched Ca2+ ions at the so-called organic-inorganic interfaces with the slowly bubbled CO2 gas resulted in the metastable vaterite polymorph with various structures. The single-crystalline vaterite of the hexagonal platelets, the lens-shaped structures with hexagonal symmetry, the olive-shaped superstructures and these with a concave at each top of olives, and another metastable polymorph of aragonite were obtained, respectively, depending upon the concentration ratio between CDS and n-pentanol. The synergistic effect of CDS and n-pentanol is believed to play a crucial role in driving the oriented aggregation of metastable nanoparticles. Simultaneously, the novel phase transformation of vaterite to aragonite was observed, implying the possible formation mechanism of aragonite at room temperature and in the absence of magnesium ions.

Calcium Carbonate↗
PubMed2006

Direction specific interactions of 1,4-dicarboxylic acid with calcite surfaces.

Interactions of succinic acid (SUC) with the {104} cleavage faces of calcite show a strong preference in crystallographic directions. In situ atomic force microscopy revealed that the morphology of etch pits on the crystal surfaces experienced a transition from the common rhombus to a hexagon upon the introduction of SUC. The pit shape further evolved from 6-sided to 7-sided and eventually to 5-sided with increasing concentrations of SUC. Analysis indicates that the morphology changes may result from SUC preferentially binding to the [42] and [010] edges of the (104) plane to selectively slow down their step speed.

Calcium Carbonate↗