PubMed · 1718665
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L Kingsford. 1991. Antigenic variance.. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76018-1_7
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Aspergillus ochraceus contaminates agricultural products and produces nephrotoxic, carcinogenic ochratoxin A (OTA), posing severe food safety hazards. A dual-signal lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (dLFIA) based on ZrO₂@C nanoprobes was established for quantitative detection of A. ochraceus biomass. A novel monoclonal antibody (mAb 4B4) was prepared as the capture antibody to immobilize A. ochraceus mycelial lysate antigen on the test line, and a rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb G2801) as the detection antibody to modify ZrO₂@C composites (synthesized via UiO-66 pyrolysis) into 200 nm colorimetric/photothermal nanoprobes. This dLFIA achieved limits of detection of 0.164 μg/mL (colorimetric) and 0.517 μg/mL (photothermal). This efficient and reliable method allows quantitative analysis of A. ochraceus biomass, which is suitable for routine monitoring of fungal contamination in agro-food matrices.
Okadaic acid (OA), an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, induces differentiation in human MCF-7, AU-565, and MB-231 breast tumor cells. In MCF-7 cells, OA elicited within 5 min an increase in the levels of a set of phosphorylated cellular proteins, within hours expression of the early response genes junB, c-jun, and c-fos, and within days manifestation of differentiation. Differentiation was also induced by two related protein phosphatase inhibitors, but not by an inactive OA derivative or by an inhibitor that penetrates epithelial cells poorly. These results indicate that OA and related agents can induce tumor breast cell differentiation, and this induction is correlated with their ability to inhibit PPH 1 and 2A.
E-selectin has a "multi-recognition" capability in terms of epitope binding specificity, depending on adhesion conditions (static vs. low- or high-shear stress dynamic systems). Specifically, (i) adhesion based on expression of alpha 2-->3 sialylated Le(x) (SLe(x)) is prominent under static or low shear stress dynamic conditions; (ii) adhesion under high shear stress dynamic conditions does not depend on the known SLe(x) species, but rather on Lex with an adjacent unidentified sialosyl substitution, which shows different susceptibility to sialidases and antibodies compared to known SLe(x).