PubMed · 17227946
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Jennifer Fisher Wilson. 2007-01-16. Facing an uncertain climate.. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-2-200701160-00022
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Effects of weather variables on suicide are well-documented, but there is still little consistency among the results of most studies. Nevertheless, most studies show a peak in suicides during the spring season, and this is often attributed to increased temperatures. The purpose of this study is to test the relationship between monthly temperature and monthly suicide, independent of months or seasons, for five counties located across the United States. Harmonic analysis shows that four of the five counties display some seasonal components in the suicide data. However, simple linear regression shows no correlation between suicide and temperature, and discriminant analysis shows that monthly departure from mean annual suicide rates is not a useful tool for identifying months with temperatures that are colder or warmer than the annual average. Therefore, it appears that the seasonality of suicides is due to factors other than temperature.
Oxygen stable isotope ratios (delta(18)O) have been determined in carbonate in paired first and third molar teeth from individuals (N = 61) who lived in the town of Portus Romae ("Portus") and who were buried in the necropolis of Isola Sacra (First to Third centuries AD) near Rome, Italy. We compare these analyses with data for deciduous teeth of modern Roman children. Approximately one-third of the archaeological sample has first molar (M1) values outside the modern range, implying a large rate of population turnover at that time, consistent with historical data. Delta (18)O(ap) values suggest that a group within the sample migrated to the area before the third molar (M3) crown had completely formed (i.e., between 10 and 17.5 years of age). This is the first quantitative assessment of population mobility in Classical antiquity. This study demonstrates that migration was not limited to predominantly single adult males, as suggested by historical sources, but rather a complex phenomenon involving families. We hypothesize that migrants most likely came from higher elevations to the East and North of Rome. One individual with a higher delta(18)O value may have come (as a child) from an area isotopically similar to North Africa.
The behaviour of Pseudomonas fluorescens EPS62e was investigated in apple and pear orchards under Mediterranean climatic conditions. The trials studied the influence of weather conditions, plant host species, presence of indigenous microbial community and spread from treated to nontreated trees on colonization and survival. Population dynamics were assessed by real-time PCR and CFU-counting methods. With inoculated flowers, weather conditions were optimal for colonization, and EPS62e established high and stable population levels around 10(8) CFU per organ, according to both methods of analysis. The plant host species did not influence the colonization rate, and the biocontrol agent dominated the microbial communities of blossoms, representing up to 100% of the total cultivable population. With inoculated leaves, the EPS62e population decreased to nondetectable levels 30 days after treatment according to both methods used. EPS62e spread moderately in the orchard, being detected in nontreated flowers of trees 15-35 m from the inoculation site. The combined use of real-time PCR and CFU-counting methods of analysis permitted the identification of three physiological states for EPS62e in the field, which consisted of active colonization, survival and entry into a viable but nonculturable state, and cell death.