PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 17233418

[Appetite loss, nausea, vomiting].

Sumio Sakamaki
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Appetite loss, nausea and vomiting are most common gastrointestinal distress in patients with advanced cancers. It is worthwhile to relieve these symptoms for improving their quality of life (QOL), an inadequate treatment, on the contrary, will increase their distressing symptoms. To avoid this, it is essential to clarify the cause of illness, especially to find out whether it is due to a complete mechanical gastrointestinal obstruction or not. If it is so, the use of metoclopramide is a contraindication. Practically, the combined use of octreotide acetate, steroids and morphine will be effective to manage a severe gastrointestinal distress such as an obstinately nausea and vomiting.

Explore related subjects

AnorexiaHumansNauseaNeoplasmsVomitingEnglish AbstractJournal ArticleReview

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Sumio Sakamaki. 2007. [Appetite loss, nausea, vomiting].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17233418/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2007

Cachexia in chronic kidney disease: role of inflammation and neuropeptide signaling.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review will update clinicians and basic scientists who are interested in the clinical relevance and molecular mechanism of uremic cachexia. Recent studies that examine the role of cytokines and hypothalamic neuropeptides are emphasized. RECENT FINDINGS: A current hypothesis of the cause of cachexia in chronic illness is that proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and leptin, act on the central nervous system to alter the release and function of several key neurotransmitters, thereby altering both appetite and metabolic rate. Proinflammatory cytokines also activate the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB, resulting in decreased protein synthesis, and activate the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system, which is the major system involved in increased protein degradation. SUMMARY: This review highlights the importance of melanocortin signaling in the pathogenesis of uremia-associated cachexia and the potential of peripheral administration of melanocortin-4 receptor antagonists as a novel therapeutic approach.

Anorexia↗
PubMed2006

Clinicopathological conference: case report--a case of anorexia and weak arm.

The authors present the case of a 49-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of "not eating well." She was found to have a heart murmur, a focal neurological deficit, and large mitral valve vegetation. The patient was later diagnosed with acute Pseudomonal endocarditis with septic emboli to the brain, liver, spleen, and kidneys. A discussion of the patient presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and outcome are reviewed.

Anorexia↗
PubMed2006

Anorexia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease--association to cachexia and hormonal derangement.

BACKGROUND: In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) weight loss frequently occurs that may ultimately lead to cachexia as a serious co-morbidity, indicating severely impaired functional capacity, health status and increased mortality. Increased energy expenditure due to mechanic and metabolic inefficiency and systemic inflammation are determinants of a hypermetabolic state that is not balanced by dietary intake. Anorexia may importantly contribute to weight loss in COPD, however, the association between immune and hormonal derangement and altered appetite has not been studied in detail. AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether anorexia in COPD is related to inflammation and hormonal derangement in association to weight loss. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 103 consecutive patients with COPD (age 59.8+/-1.3 years, 35% female, mean FEV1 38.3+/-1.7%) in comparison to healthy controls of similar age (n=15). RESULTS: In 34 patients (33%) cachexia was diagnosed (weight loss >7.5%, BMI < or = 24 kg/m2). Cachectic COPD patients had lower BMI (19.0+/-0.5 vs 25.6+/-0.7 kg/m2) and impaired lung function (FEV1 31+/-2% vs 42+/-2%, FVC 51+/-3 vs 59+/-3%, both p<0.001). Inflammatory immune activation (IL-6 and IL-6/IL-10 ratio) was significantly higher in cachectic COPD patients. Analysis of the extent of anorexia (visual analogue scale) revealed that cachectic COPD patients had significantly decreased subjective desire to eat compared to non-cachectic patients (3.5+/-0.3 vs 6.3+/-0.2, p<0.001). Patients with COPD and cachexia showed evidence of acquired GH resistance (decreased IGF-1/GH ratio) and insulin resistance (HOMA). Anorexia showed a direct correlation with the IGF-1/GH ratio (r=0.34, p<0.05) and was further related to BMI and % weight loss (both p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In COPD anorexia relates to hormonal derangement and inflammatory immune activation. Anorexia contributes to development of cachexia. The concept of appetite stimulating therapy emerges as a novel therapeutic option in cachectic COPD patients.

Anorexia↗