PubMed · 1765849
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1991. Ruster examinations.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1765849/
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The surface roughness of orthodontic archwires is an essential factor that determines the effectiveness of arch-guided tooth movement. Using the non-destructive techniques of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and of laser specular reflectance, the surface roughness of 11 nickel-titanium orthodontic wires, a stainless steel and a beta-titanium wire was measured. The results were compared with those obtained using surface profilometry. The smoothest wire, stainless steel, had an optical roughness of 0.10 micron, compared with 0.09 micron from AFM and 0.06 from profilometry. The surface roughness for the beta-titanium wire measured by all three methods was approximately 0.21 micron, while that of the NiTi wires ranged from 0.10 to 1.30 microns. As the surface roughness not only affects the effectiveness of sliding mechanics, but also the corrosion behaviour and the aesthetics of orthodontic components, the manufacturers of orthodontic wires should make an effort to improve the surface quality of their products.
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The ability of various electroplated coatings (cobalt, zinc, copper, and cobalt-containing alloys of nickel, zinc, chromium, etc.) to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria (Gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) was determined by a drop-method antibacterial experiment. The amounts of H2O2 produced and metal ions dissolved from the surfaces of various electroplated coatings were measured and it was found that the inhibitory ability of coatings corresponded to the amounts of H2O2 produced. The more significant the inhibition of the coating to bacterial growth, the greater the amount of H2O2 production. In addition, the bacterial survival rates on the surfaces of coatings were almost zero when H2O2 was produced in amounts greater than 10(-6) mmol/cm2. However, the dominant concentrations of metal ions dissolved from coatings were outside of the bacterial lethal range.