PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 2149282

Introduction to toremifene.

L Kangas
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Toremifene, a triphenylethylene antiestrogen first synthesized in 1981, binds to the estrogen receptor with an affinity about 5% that of estradiol. Its antiestrogenicity/estrogenicity ratio in animal models is about 5 times that of tamoxifen, though it requires somewhat higher doses for full effectiveness, and it is active against breast cancer in animal and cell culture models. It has a long elimination half-life and there are several metabolites, but the principal antitumor activity appears to be due to the unchanged drug. In Phase I and Phase II clinical trials, toremifene has shown good response rates in ER-positive or ER-unknown tumors, and significant responses after failure of tamoxifen or other hormonal or chemotherapeutic regimens, with rare and mild side effects.

Explore related subjects

AdenocarcinomaAnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsBreast NeoplasmsEstrogen AntagonistsFemaleHumansMammary Neoplasms, ExperimentalRatsTamoxifenToremifeneJournal ArticleReview

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

L Kangas. 1990. Introduction to toremifene.. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01807138

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2001

Interaction of Galpha 12 and Galpha 13 with the cytoplasmic domain of cadherin provides a mechanism for beta -catenin release.

The G12 subfamily of heterotrimeric G proteins, comprised of the alpha-subunits Galpha12 and Galpha13, has been implicated as a signaling component in cellular processes ranging from cytoskeletal changes to cell growth and oncogenesis. In an attempt to elucidate specific roles of this subfamily in cell regulation, we sought to identify molecular targets of Galpha12. Here we show a specific interaction between the G12 subfamily and the cytoplasmic tails of several members of the cadherin family of cell-surface adhesion proteins. Galpha12 or Galpha13 binding causes dissociation of the transcriptional activator beta-catenin from cadherins. Furthermore, in cells lacking the adenomatous polyposis coli protein required for beta-catenin degradation, expression of mutationally activated Galpha12 or Galpha13 causes an increase in beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation. These findings provide a potential molecular mechanism for the previously reported cellular transforming ability of the G12 subfamily and reveal a link between heterotrimeric G proteins and cellular processes controlling growth and differentiation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Effect of phosphoramidon on big endothelin-2 conversion into endothelin-2 in human renal adenocarcinoma (ACHN) cells. Analysis of endothelin-2 biosynthetic pathway.

The biosynthetic pathway of endothelin (ET)-2 was analyzed in cultured ACHN cells. In the supernatant, we detected three ET-2-related peptides, ET-2, big ET-2(1-38) and big ET-2(22-38). Phosphoramidon decreased the amount of ET-2 and increased that of big ET-2(1-38) dose-dependently. The amount of big ET-2(1-37) did not significantly change. These results suggest that big ET-2 is composed of 38 and not 37 amino acid residues, and that a putative ET-2-converting enzyme (ECE-2) should be classified as a phosphoramidon-sensitive neutral metalloprotease, bearing a resemblance to the putative ET-1-converting enzyme (ECE-1) in endothelial cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Adenocarcinoma of the proximal small intestine. A marker for familial and multicentric cancer?

BACKGROUND: Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine is uncommon. The Hawaii Tumor Registry (HTR) has identified 49 of these tumors since 1960, and the Japan-Hawaii Cancer Study (JHCS) has identified only four of these tumors among a cohort of 8006 Hawaiian-Japanese men followed up for a period of 22 years. Each of the four men reported by the JHCS had multicentric gastrointestinal cancers. METHODS: Newly diagnosed cancers are recorded separately by the HTR and JHCS, and linkage is maintained between the two files. Family histories are available from the JHCS, and these are supplemented by a state population file maintained by the Department of Genetics, University of Hawaii. RESULTS: Five men, all Japanese, were found to have carcinoma of the proximal small intestine. Each had multicentric carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Carcinoma of the stomach and colon was found in the primary relatives of each of four men whose families lived in Hawaii. CONCLUSIONS: The familial clustering of uncommon neoplasms (small bowel carcinoma and multicentric large bowel carcinoma), and the concurrence of gastric and colonic carcinoma suggests that these subjects have a genetic trait that increases susceptibility to a broad range of carcinogens.

Adenocarcinoma↗