PubMed · 2243551
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B Bergeron, S Locke. Speech recognition as a user interface.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2243551/
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The radiodiagnostic process is a complicated activity involving the integration of knowledge from low-level image features into more abstract, higher-order entities. This involves spatial and density information at a lower level and area and features at a higher level. The spatial density distribution in a radiographic image is not uniquely related to the three-dimensional structure of the object. Therefore, more information other than just first-order density characteristics of radiographs must be utilized to improve automated interpretation of the image. Prior knowledge of the size, shape and location of anatomical structures and pathognomic features is very useful for improving the process of computer-aided image analysis. Inference systems as used in expert systems can be applied to facilitate the integration of information obtained from the patient and the radiograph in the diagnostic process.
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the distinction between the recognition of form, i.e. pattern recognition, and the interpretation of visual scenes, i.e. image understanding. Pattern recognition is part of image understanding, but the latter also includes cognitive tasks such as learning and inference. The key to developing image-understanding systems is to concentrate on the representation and use of models. This paper is a brief outline of the components of a model-based image-understanding system. First, the notions of iconic, categorical and symbolic knowledge are described. Although they appear to be disparate, the common notion is that the image understanding is based on recognizing concepts and not recognizing form. Next, the notion of a concept is defined, followed by representation techniques and control strategies for using concepts. Last, an example is given of an image-understanding system that learns to recognize concepts such as radiographic projections of teeth in panoramic radiographs.