PubMed · 2279650
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B J Hoffman, J T Cunningham, W H Marsh. Multiple stent placement with a new steerable guide wire.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(90)71172-8
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AIM: To study the transcriptional regulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA in normal human cholangiocytes (HBECs) after hepatitis B virus X (HBx) gene transfection and to elucidate the possible mechanism of HBV infection underlying cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS: HBECs were cultured in vitro and co-transfected with a eukaryotic expression vector containing the HBx coding region and a cloning vector containing coding sequences of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) using lipid-mediated gene transfer. The transfection efficiency was determined by the expression of EGFP. The expressions of hTERT mRNA and HBx protein in HBECs were detected by RT-PCR and immunocytochemical stain, respectively. RESULTS: The transfection efficiencies were about 15% for both HBx gene expression plasmid and empty vector. No hTERT mRNA was expressed in HBECs when transfected with OPTI-MEM medium and empty vector, but a dramatic increase was observed for hTERT mRNA expression in HBECs when transfected with HBx expression vector. HBx protein was only expressed in HBECs when transfected with HBx expression vector. CONCLUSION: HBx transfection can activate the transcriptional expression of hTERT mRNA. Cis-activation of hTERT mRNA by HBx gene is the primary mechanism underlying the proliferation, differentiation and tumorigenesis of biliary epithelia.
Previous studies showed that bile duct injury after cholecystectomy is associated with substantial morbidity and a negative effect on Quality of Life. In a recent study, patients with a bile duct injury after cholecystectomy exhibited a 3-fold increase in mortality during a follow-up period of nine years compared to patients without injury. This is the first study to demonstrate a negative impact of bile duct injury on survival. Repair by a less experienced surgeon leads to an 11% higher mortality during follow-up. Cholangiography should probably be performed routinely during cholecystectomy. A bile duct lesion should be suspected when the patient has not recovered within 48 hours. Endoscopic or percutaneous treatment of stenoses or leakage is usually successful, even after several weeks.
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