PubMed · 230359
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D M Hunten. 1979. Possible oxidant sources in the atmosphere and surface of Mars.. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01732369
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The topic of this paper is extremely broad, and to allow more useful discussion, emphasis is placed on trace (less than 1 mg/l) metals in fresh surface waters and in drinking waters. An attempt is made to give a broad overview of current knowledge, problems and research with particular reference to the following: (1) metals of interest, current standards of water quality relevant to health, and concentrations of metals in waters; (2) sources of, and other factors affecting, the concentrations of metals; (3) general problems in the measurement of metal concentrations; (4) important research topics.
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The chemical reactivity of several minerals thought to be present in Martian fines is tested with respect to gases known in the Martian atmosphere. In these experiments, liquid water is excluded from the system, environmental temperatures are maintained below 0 degrees C, and the solar illumination spectrum is stimulated in the visible and UV using a Xenon arc lamp. Reactions are detected by mass spectrometric analysis of the gas phase over solid samples. No reactions were detected for Mars nominal gas over sulfates, nitrates, chloride, nontronite clay, or magnetitie. Oxidation was not observed for basaltic glass, nontronite, and magnetite. However, experiments incorporating SO2 gas--an expected product of volcanism and intrusive volatile release--gave positive results. Displacement of CO2 by SO2 occurred in all four carbonates tested. These reactions are catalyzed by irradiation with the solar simulator. A calcium nitrate hydrate released NO2 in the presence of SO2. These results have implications for cycling of atmospheric CO2, H2O, and N2 through the regolith.