PubMed · 2315144
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R Gates. No conferring.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2315144/
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This study examined the relationship between ritualistic, compulsive-like behaviors and normative fears and phobias in 61 children ranging from 1 to 7 years of age. Parents reported on their children's ritualistic habits, and perfectionistic behaviors that reflect what we have previously called "compulsive-like" behaviors. Parents also reported on their children's fears and phobias. Results indicated that various aspects of children's ritualistic and compulsive-like behaviors are correlated with children's fears and phobias. Developmental differences existed such that younger children's (< 4 years) repetitive, compulsive-like behaviors were related to "prepotent" fears such as stranger and separation anxieties, whereas the compulsive-like behaviors of older children (> 4 years) were correlated with more specific, "contextual" fears such as fears of contamination, death, and fears often associated with concerns of the inner city such as burglars, assault, etc. These findings are discussed in terms of the phenomenologic and possible neurobiological continuities between normative and pathologic rituals, fears and phobias.
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Many nursing scholars, such as Carter (1990), Ford and Walsh (1994), Huey (1986), James (1990), Thomlinson (1990), Larson (1987), Rush et al (1990), Spiller (1992), Street (1990a,b; 1992a,b,c,d), Lawrence (1996), Walker (1967), Walsh and Ford (1989 a,b,c,d; 1991 a,b), have examined the effects of rituals in nursing practice, and have argued for a need to scrutinise these ritual practices because of their negative effect on patients. Other scholars, such as Holland (1993) and Biley and Wright (1997), have argued that these rituals have meanings for nurses. Street (1992c) has argued that rituals are resilient in nursing practice. In order to identify the factors that contribute to rituals' resilience, there is a need to understand their meanings and effects on nurses, and how nurses keep them alive. This study has explored the meanings of the 'evening tea break' ritual to a group of nurses in a medical ward. The study has employed an ethnographic approach, and has found that the evening tea break ritual had affective effects on the participating nurses. It provides the time, space, the process and the environment for nurses to ventilate their feelings, to gain support from each other.