PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 2335083

Allergic contact dermatitis from propyl gallate: dose response comparison using various application methods.

A L Kraus·J Stotts·L A Altringer·G S Allgood
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The antioxidant propyl gallate, in a deodorant product, caused an allergic contact dermatitis in 1 subject during developmental controlled use testing. Subsequent dose response elicitation studies with this subject revealed a differing threshold of sensitivity to propyl gallate dependent upon application method. Increasing the level of occlusion increased the elicitation response. Responsiveness from greatest to least was: occluded patch on the upper arm greater than semi-occluded axilla greater than open application on the antecubital fossa. The thresholds determined for propyl gallate (w/v in 25:75 ethanol:water) were: (a) 0.0025% for the upper arm occluded patch; (b) 0.0035% for the underarm without shaving; (c) 0.005% for the underarm with shaving; (d) 0.015% for the antecubital fossa. Occluded patch responsiveness to propyl gallate was monitored and remained unchanged throughout a 2-year period. These data are useful in understanding the relationship between occlusive allergic contact dermatitis patch testing and clinical contact dermatitis.

Explore related subjects

Administration, CutaneousDeodorantsDermatitis, ContactDose-Response Relationship, DrugGallic AcidHumansPropyl GallateSkin TestsCase ReportsComparative StudyJournal Article

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

A L Kraus, J Stotts, L A Altringer, G S Allgood. 1990. Allergic contact dermatitis from propyl gallate: dose response comparison using various application methods.. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb01546.x

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2007

Safety, acceptability, and tolerability of 3 topical microbicides among heterosexual Kenyan men.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the acceptability, tolerability, and safety of 3 topical microbicide formulations (62% ethyl alcohol in emollient gel and 0.1% and 0.4% benzalkonium chloride on a sanitary wipe) for use on male genitalia. DESIGN: This triple-randomized crossover study among men attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in Nairobi, Kenya assigned individuals without clinical evidence of an STD to apply products to the penis in a predetermined random order, each for a 2-week period with a 1-week washout period between each product. Men recorded side effects and were examined for adverse events. RESULTS: Of 39 participants, 33 (84%) completed 6 clinic visits plus 3 home visits by community health workers. Participants reported use of 62% ethanol gel and 0.1% and 0.4% benzalkonium on 99%, 99%, and 96% of daily scheduled applications; 99%, 98%, and 97% of preintercourse applications, and 99%, 94%, and 98% of postintercourse applications. All participants said they would recommend all 3 products to a friend; 72% preferred the 62% ethanol gel, 17% the 0.1% benzalkonium, and 11% the 0.4% benzalkonium. One person developed objective signs of a genital ulcer after 14 days of 0.4% benzalkonium wipe use. CONCLUSIONS: Two of the 3 topical microbicides had minimal reported adverse effects, and no adverse effects were observed during use of the ethanol gel, which was preferred by most men.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2007

Human skin penetration of sunscreen nanoparticles: in-vitro assessment of a novel micronized zinc oxide formulation.

The extent to which topically applied solid nanoparticles can penetrate the stratum corneum and access the underlying viable epidermis and the rest of the body is a great potential safety concern. Therefore, human epidermal penetration of a novel, transparent, nanoparticulate zinc oxide sunscreen formulation was determined using Franz-type diffusion cells, 24-hour exposure and an electron microscopy to verify the location of nanoparticles in exposed membranes. Less than 0.03% of the applied zinc content penetrated the epidermis (not significantly more than the zinc detected in receptor phase following application of a placebo formulation). No particles could be detected in the lower stratum corneum or viable epidermis by electron microscopy, suggesting that minimal nanoparticle penetration occurs through the human epidermis.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2007

Endogenous phospholipid metabolite containing topical product inhibits ultraviolet light-induced inflammation and DNA damage in human skin.

BACKGROUND: N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) and organic osmolytes are endogenous components of the human epidermis and are generated from phospholipids in the stratum granulosum. PEA has been shown to exert potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The endogenous organic osmolytes such as betaine and sarcosine control skin humidity, but have also been shown to inhibit ultraviolet (UV) light-induced oxidative stress in keratinocytes. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of a PEA- and organic osmolyte-containing topical product (Physiogel AI) on the development of UV light-induced erythema, thymine dimer formation and p53 tumor suppressor gene activation, as well as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and Ki67 expression in normal human skin. METHODS: The UV-induced erythema was measured by a spectrofluorometric method. Thymine dimers, p53, ICAM-1 and Ki67 were detected in skin biopsies using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Physiogel AI cream significantly inhibited the development of UV light-induced erythema and thymine dimer formation in normal human skin, but did not alter the number of Ki67+ proliferating keratinocytes and the expression of p53 and ICAM-1. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that PEA and organic osmolytes might represent a new generation of compounds which suppress UV-induced photodamage.

Administration, Cutaneous↗