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PubMed · 2342154

Halothane-inhalation system for using atracurium in rats.

Y C Yang·I J Chen·W H Yip·C K Tseng
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Abstract

This report describes an inhalation anesthetic technique employed in rats. Polyethylene-glycol 400 (PEG 400) was first designed to combine with halothane to produce a slow-releasing system of vaporized halothane. This design provided adequate anesthetic levels for treating with atracurium, a new neuromuscular blocking agent. Furthermore, isoflurane was also used in this study to examine this inhalation system for treating with atracurium. The efficient concentrations of inhalated anesthetics for adequate anesthesia when combining with PEG were 0.15% and 0.1% for halothane and isoflurane, respectively. This safe efficient state of anesthesia was maintained throughout the experimental course for treating atracurium, and might be used in clinical trials.

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Anesthesia, InhalationAnimalsAtracuriumHalothaneIsofluraneMalePolyethylene GlycolsRatsRats, Inbred StrainsJournal Article

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Y C Yang, I J Chen, W H Yip, C K Tseng. 1990. Halothane-inhalation system for using atracurium in rats.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2342154/

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PubMed2007

The effects of isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane anesthesia on neurocognitive outcome after cardiac surgery: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Inhalation anesthetics such as isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane are widely used in clinical practice; however, there is no study for comparing these drugs in cardiac surgery with respect to postoperative cognitive outcome and S100 beta protein (S100 BP) levels. In this study, we evaluated the effect of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and desflurane anesthesia on neuropsychological outcome and S100 BP levels in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two male patients were prospectively randomized and classified into 3 groups according to the volatile agents used; isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane. All patients had a sufficient education level to participate in neuropsychological testing and a normal carotid Doppler ultrasonography. Blood samples for analysis of S100 BP were collected before anesthesia (T1), before heparinization (T2), 15 minutes into CPB (T3), following protamine administration (T4), postoperatively (T5), 24 hours after the operation (T6), postoperative day 3 (T7), and postoperative day 6 (T8). The neuropsychological tests, including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSET) and visual-aural digit span test (VADST), were administered 1 day prior to surgery and on the third and sixth postoperative days. RESULTS: The postoperative third and sixth day MMSET scores and third day visual-written subtest scores in the sevoflurane group were significantly lower than in the isoflurane and desflurane groups (P < .05). S100 BP levels increased with the beginning of anesthesia in the sevoflurane and desflurane groups. Although S100 BP decreased to baseline levels on postoperative day 1 in the sevoflurane group, this was significantly higher on the third and sixth days postoperatively in the desflurane group (P < .05). In the isoflurane group, the S100 BP level was significantly higher than the baseline level only after CPB (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that isoflurane is associated with better neurocognitive functions than desflurane or sevoflurane after on-pump CABG. Sevoflurane seems to be associated with the worst cognitive outcome as assessed by neuropsychologic tests, and prolonged brain injury as detected by high S100 BP levels was seen with desflurane.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗