PubMed · 2367989
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E A Sirotin. 1990. [What is troventol?].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2367989/
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Radical SAM enzymes have only recently been recognized as an ancient family sharing an unusual radical-based reaction mechanism. This late appreciation is due to the extreme oxygen sensitivity of most radical SAM enzymes, making their characterization particularly arduous. Nevertheless, realization that the novel apposition of the established cofactors S-adenosylmethionine and [4Fe-4S] cluster creates an explosive source of catalytic radicals, the appreciation of the sheer size of this previously neglected family, and the rapid succession of three successfully solved crystal structures within a year have ensured that this family has belatedly been noted. In this review, we report the characterization of two enzymes: the established radical SAM enzyme, HemN or oxygen-independent coproporphyrinogen III oxidase from Escherichia coli, and littorine mutase, a presumed radical SAM enzyme, responsible for the conversion of littorine to hyoscyamine in plants. The enzymes are compared to other radical SAM enzymes and in particular the three reported crystal structures from this family, HemN, biotin synthase and MoaA, are discussed.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of sonography in infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis undergoing conservative medical treatment. METHODS: Twenty-two infants (17 male and 5 female; age range, 1-12 weeks) were clinically and sonographically considered suitable for conservative treatment and underwent follow-up during the course of the disease. Sonography was performed under a standardized protocol and included color Doppler sonography. RESULTS: Fifteen infants (mean age, 9 weeks) needed surgery. They initially had a mean pyloric length of 18 mm, a diameter of 10.5 mm, and a wall thickness of 4 mm, with visible passage of food into the duodenum. These values deteriorated during follow-up (mean preoperative values: length, 20 mm; diameter, 12 mm; and wall thickness, 4.5 mm); furthermore, passage of food through the pyloric canal ceased. Seven infants (mean age, 3 weeks) were successfully treated conservatively Their initial mean pyloric measurements were slightly smaller (length, 15 mm; diameter, 10 mm; and wall thickness, 3.8 mm) and did not deteriorate during follow-up. In all of them, sonography showed improvement of passage through the pyloric canal within several days, as shown and documented by color Doppler sonography; morphologic changes persisted longer despite clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography, including color Doppler sonography, is a valuable tool for monitoring infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis undergoing conservative treatment; however, initial sonograms cannot predict the further course of the disease.
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