PubMed · 237181
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M J Willard, M Gibbs. 1975. Fructose-diphosphate aldolase from blue-green algae.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(75)42119-x
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R-state monoclinic P2(1) crystals of phosphorylase have been shown to be catalytically active in the presence of an oligosaccharide primer and glucose-1-phosphate in 0.9 M ammonium sulfate, 10 mM beta-glycerophosphate, 0.5 mM EDTA, and 1 mM dithiothreitol, the medium in which the crystals are grown or equilibrated for crystallographic studies (Barford, D. & Johnson, L.N., 1989, Nature 360, 609-616; Barford, D., Hu, S.-H., & Johnson, L.N., 1991, J. Mol. Biol. 218, 233-260). Kinetic data suggest that the activity of crystalline tetrameric phosphorylase is similar to that determined in solution for the enzyme tetramer. However, large differences were found in the maximal velocities for both oligosaccharide or glucose-1-phosphate substrates between the soluble dimeric and crystalline tetrameric enzyme.
Antibodies to DNA can be found in the circulation of the majority of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). They are quite specific for this disease, which makes their detection an important diagnostic aid to the clinician. Fluctuations in the level of anti-dsDNA in an individual patient generally parallel the clinical state of that patient. Furthermore, the presence of anti-dsDNA may precede the diagnosis of SLE by more than a year. Four methods relevant for the measurement of anti-dsDNA antibodies are discussed in this paper: the ELISA, the indirect immunofluorescence test on Crithidia luciliae, the PEG assay, and the Farr assay. Each of these methods detects a part of the spectrum of anti-dsDNA antibodies present in the circulation of an individual patient. The ELISA is the most sensitive method, whereas the Farr assay is the most specific for SLE. However, with the latter method only antibodies of a relative high avidity for DNA are detected. Mild forms of SLE, where patients only have anti-dsDNA of a low avidity in their circulation, may easily be missed by this technique. Clinically, high avidity anti-dsDNA is related with the more frequent occurrence of nephritis, whereas low avidity anti-dsDNA antibodies are more often found in patients with central nervous system involvement.
The solubility of ovomucoid and of four fragments comprising domain I, I+II, and III of the protein in concentrated ammonium sulphate solution were studied at different pHs (25 degrees C) and at various temperatures (pH 7.0), and the salting-out parameters Ks and beta were determined for the five proteins. The aqueous solubilities of ovomucoid and the four fragments were highly dependent on temperature which causes structural alteration due to thermal unfolding of the proteins. The values of KS and beta for domain III and domain II+III at different pHs were similar to those of other globular proteins whereas those of ovomucoid and domain I and domain I+II were atypical. They were explained in terms of the lack of structural stability and the presence of carbohydrate moieties in domains I and II.