Impaired memory for new visual forms.

Abstract

A case study is presented of a female patient who has had impairment of visual recent memory following damage to the right cerebral hemisphere from rupture of a middle cerebral artery aneurysm. Her ability to remember unfamiliar faces is severely impaired in comparison with controls, as is her ability to identify the faces of celebrities who have become famous since the time of her illness in 1985. By contrast, she performs well on tests of recognition memory for words and has no problem in identifying celebrities from their names. She is also good at identifying faces of people who became famous before her illness. On tests of episodic memory, she continues to perform well at remembering familiar faces and objects, regardless of whether the test demands memory for which face/object was presented or memory for which view of a face/object was presented. Her poor memory for visual material is confined to unfamiliar faces and objects. Consequently, it is evident that she can learn new visual information so long as it relates to a familiar visual form; it is the learning of new visual forms that is impaired. A final experiment revealed that she is also poor at remembering unfamiliar voices. This raises the possibility that the basic deficit affects recent nonverbal memory and is not confined to the visual modality. Overall, the findings have important implications for the nature of recent visual memory loss, and for the way in which visual information is stored in memory.