PubMed · 2566772
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1989-05-27. Greenhouse effect.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2566772/
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The principal oxidants in the lower atmosphere are ozone (O3) and two by-products of O3 photodissociation, the hydroxyl radical (OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). A number of critical atmospheric chemical problems depend on the earth's "oxidizing capacity," which is essentially the global burden of these oxidants. There is limited direct evidence for changes in the earth's oxidizing capacity since recent preindustrial times when, because of industrial and population growth, increasing amounts of O3 precursor trace gases (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons) have been released into the atmosphere. The concentrations of O3 and possibly H2O2 have increased over large regions. Models predict that tropospheric O3 will increase approximately 0.3 to 1% per year over the next 50 years with both positive and negative trends possible for OH and H2O2. Models and the observational network for oxidants are improving, but validation of global models is still at an early stage.
Ultraviolet light from sunlight is implicated in the aetiology of non-ocular malignant melanoma, mostly from Western studies. This study reports the relation of such melanomas from 7 cancer registries in different parts of India with latitude, altitude, ozone levels and ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. A log linear model was fitted using GLIM, assuming Poisson errors in incidence; linear and non-linear regression techniques were also used. Results show slight negative associations of melanoma with latitude, chi 2 = -3.37, p = 0.07, and statistically non-significant ones with atmospheric ozone levels (r = -0.36, n.s.), and a positive association with UV (r = 0.30, n.s.). Melanoma incidence from 4 places relates in a parabolic curve with latitude (y = 1-0.09 chi 2 + 0.003 chi 2 in males and y = 1.73-0.17 chi 2 + 0.005 chi 2 in females). Patients originally from west coastal ethnic/linguistic communities predominate in Bombay. Geographic patterns of melanoma in Indians are similar with those in white Caucasians. Ultraviolet light exposure may also be involved in its aetiology in non-white Caucasians, such as Indians.
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