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PubMed · 2605382

Coding strategies for a single-channel tactile aid.

I R Summers·J Farr
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Abstract

Measurements have been made on the ability of normally hearing subjects to identify the stressed word in simple sentences, using only tactile information. Vibrotactile stimuli were presented to the distal pad of the second finger via a single vibrator. A range of coding strategies was investigated, voice pitch or speech amplitude being represented as stimulus frequency and/or intensity. Test results show that, even without specific training, subjects can be quite successful in identifying stress patterns. The most effective coding strategies were (i) voice frequency presented as continuously variable stimulus frequency over the range 40-220 Hz, with a correlated modulation of stimulus amplitude, (ii) speech amplitude presented as two discrete levels of stimulus amplitude.

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DeafnessHumansPhysical StimulationProsthesis DesignSpeech PerceptionVibrationJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

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I R Summers, J Farr. 1989. Coding strategies for a single-channel tactile aid.. https://doi.org/10.3109/03005368909076518

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This study examined demographic and clinical data from a specialty deaf inpatient unit so as to better understand characteristics of severely and chronically mentally ill deaf people. The study compares deaf and hearing psychiatric inpatients on demographic variables, psychiatric discharge diagnoses, a language assessment measure, a cognitive ability measure, and a measure of psychosocial functioning and risk of harm to self and others. Overall, findings indicate a broader range of diagnoses than in past studies with posttraumatic stress disorder being the most common diagnosis. Compared with hearing patients in the same hospital, deaf patients were less likely to be diagnosed with a psychotic or substance abuse disorder and more likely to be diagnosed with a mood, anxiety, personality, or developmental disorder. Psychosocial functioning of the deaf patients was generally similar to hearing psychiatric patients. Deaf patients presented significantly higher risks than hearing patients in areas of self-harm and risk of sexual offending. Cognitive scores show that both the deaf and hearing inpatient population is skewed toward persons who are lower functioning. An additional surprising finding was that 75% of deaf individuals fell into the nonfluent range of communication in American Sign Language.

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