PubMed · 2646413
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D A Levison. 1989. Microanalysis in histopathology.. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1711570203
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Set glass-ionomer cements were sectioned with a diamond knife and examined in the transmission electron microscope. Their appearance was in accordance with the theoretical structure of these materials, close examination revealing glass particles surrounded by a siliceous layer set in a hydrogel matrix. The elemental composition of each region was determined by X-ray microanalysis (energy dispersive). The results of microanalysis supported the ultrastructural observations, with ions that originated from the glass particles being detected throughout the matrix of the set cement. It was suggested that the mobility of these ions in the matrix phase was important in determining the biocompatibility and adhesive properties of glass-ionomer cements.
An x-ray resonance effect in an organic thin film on an x-ray reflecting mirror is reported. The resonance effect is the result of interference between reflected and refracted x-rays at the air-organic thin film interface and occurs at incident angles slightly above the critical angle of the film. In excellent agreement with theory, the primary resonant x-ray electric field that is confined in the organic thin film is approximately 20 times as intense as the electric field of the incident beam when measured at a position close to the center of the film. Resonance-enhanced x-rays can be used to characterize the internal structure of Langmuir-Blodgett thin film membranes. This effect may also find use in x-ray-based thin film devices and in the structural analysis of adlayers and surfaces that have thus far proved difficult, if not impossible, to study because of sensitivity limitations.
The application of X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy to detect elements collected from TPN mixtures on membrane filters has been investigated. Many simple total parenteral nutrition mixtures prepared aseptically in large bags can be stored for extended periods. Trace elements are normally excluded from such bags, because not enough is known about their long-term stability and compatibility in total parenteral nutrition mixtures. Assessing the compatibility of many trace elements by conventional methods that rely on detecting concentration changes is extremely difficult. Analysis of precipitates from total parenteral nutrition mixtures confirmed that the proposed method was capable of identifying a number of elements from the mixture in complex precipitates, including calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper and selenium.